湖南植烟水稻土碱解氮分布特征及其影响因素  

Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Alkaline Hydrolysis Nitrogen in Tobacco-planting Paddy Soil in Hunan Rotation Area

作　　者：金江华[1] 李旭[1] 秦凌 全柯颖 智磊 于大鹏[1] 吴文信 李思军 夏冰[3] 邓小华[3] JIN Jianghua;LI Xu;QIN Ling;QUAN Keying;ZHI Lei;YU Dapeng;WU Wenxin;LI Sijun;XIA Bing;DENG Xiaohua(Jilin Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.,Yanji,Jinlin 133000,China;Yongzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province,Yongzhou,Hunan 425000,China;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province,Chenzhou,Hunan 423000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林烟草工业有限责任公司,吉林延吉133000 [2]湖南省烟草公司永州市公司,湖南永州425000 [3]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [4]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州423000

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第3期503-509,共7页Soils

基　　金：吉林烟草工业有限责任公司科技项目(KJXM-2023-15);郴州市烟草专卖局科技项目(CZYC2022JS06)资助。

摘　　要：为明确湖南植烟水稻土碱解氮含量、空间分布和影响因素,检测了2698个耕层土壤样本的碱解氮含量,分析了其空间分布特征及丰缺状况,探讨了其与种植制度、耕层厚度、海拔和土壤pH、有机质、颗粒组成之间的关系。土壤碱解氮变幅为57.10~447.40 mg/kg,平均为183.78 mg/kg,碱解氮适宜(110~180 mg/kg)的样本占比为46.55%;安仁县、桂阳县和临武县等10个县(区)土壤碱解氮平均值较高,其他16县(区)都在适宜范围;土壤碱解氮空间分布有从东南向西北递减的分布趋势;烟-玉米轮作的土壤碱解氮相对较低;土壤碱解氮随耕层深度、土壤pH、有机质增加而增加,与海拔呈抛物线关系(峰值在海拔150~250 m区间),随土壤粉砂占比增加而升高,随粗砂占比增加而降低。湖南植烟水稻土碱解氮含量空间分布不均匀,且受多种因素影响,要因地制宜分区制定氮肥施用策略。To clarify the alkaline nitrogen(AN)content,spatial distribution,and influencing factors of tobacco-planting paddy soil in Hunan,2698 topsoil samples were collected,and AN contents were tested.Meanwhile,the distribution characteristic of AN content and the potential influencing factors including planting system,plough layer thickness,altitude,soil pH,organic matter,and soil particle composition were explored.The results showed that AN content was abundant,with the range of 57.10-447.40 mg/kg(mean of 183.78 mg/kg).46.55%of soil samples were in the suitable range of AN(110-180 mg/kg)for tobacco-planting.Average AN content was higher in 10 counties(districts),including Anren,Guiyang and Linwu,while within the suitable range in other 16 counties(districts).AN content was spatially decreased from southeast to northwest.AN content was lower in tobacco-corn rotation,and increased with the increases of plough layer thickness,soil pH and organic matter content.A parabolic relationship was found between AN content and altitude(highest AN content occurred within 150-250 m altitude).AN content increased with the proportion of silts and decreased with the proportion of coarse sands.In conclusion,the spatial distribution of AN content is heterogeneous in tobacco-planting paddy soil in Hunan,and significantly affected by planting system,plough layer thickness,altitude,soil pH,organic matter,and soil particle composition.Therefore,rational regional fertilization strategies should be formulated according to local conditions.

关 键 词：植烟土壤 土壤碱解氮 空间分布 影响因素 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]