紫云英与化肥减施对土壤颗粒中黏粒矿物组成与转化的影响  

Effects of Chinese Milk Vetch and Reducing Fertilizer Application on Composition and Transformation of Clay Minerals in Soil Particles

作　　者：黄雷 成莉娟 陈雨露 耿明建[1] 聂军[2] 鲁艳红[2] 廖育林[2] 黄丽[1] HUANG Lei;CHENG Lijuan;CHEN Yulu;GENG Mingjian;NIE Jun;LU Yanhong;LIAO Yulin;HUANG Li(Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Hunan),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所农业农村部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站,长沙410125

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第3期567-575,共9页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977020);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-22)资助。

摘　　要：为了探讨紫云英与不同比例化肥减施下,土壤纳米颗粒中黏粒矿物的组成与转化,以湖南省南县长期紫云英还田(MV)与100%、80%、60%和40%(F100、F80、F60和F40)4个比例化肥配施的长期定位试验为对象,将土壤分为4个粒级(>2000、2000~450、450~100、100~25 nm)的颗粒,研究黏粒矿物在不同粒级颗粒中的分布特征和转化规律。结果表明,①土壤颗粒由>2000 nm减小至100~25 nm,2000~450和450~100 nm颗粒中伊利石的相对含量降低8%~11%,100~25 nm颗粒中1.4 nm过渡矿物和蛭石极少甚至消失,游离铁和非晶质氧化铁的含量增加,在100~25 nm颗粒中最高。②紫云英与化肥减施下,化肥配施量80%前后矿物的转化出现明显差异。化肥从100%降至80%,高岭石的相对含量增加,增幅为14.1%~51.2%,而伊利石的相对含量降低,降幅为3.6%~11.7%;继续降低化肥配施量,高岭石的相对含量却降低,降幅为13.7%~28.8%,而伊利石的相对含量增加,增幅为2.6%~18.5%。③紫云英还田下随着化肥配施量的降低,游离铁的含量无明显变化规律,而非晶质铁的含量在所有粒径中均先显著提高后降低,在MV+F80处理100~25 nm颗粒中达到最高为9.45 g/kg。综上,紫云英配施减量化肥与土壤颗粒中高岭石、伊利石和非晶质铁转化有明显关系,以化肥减施20%处理影响效果最显著。In order to investigate the composition and transformation of clay minerals in soil nanoparticles under the combination of Chinese milk vetch and different proportions of reduced chemical fertilizer,the long-term experiment was conducted in Nanxian County,Hunan Province,where Chinese milk vetch returning(MV)was combined application with 100%,80%,60%and 40%(F100,F80,F60 and F40)ratios of fertilizer,and then the soil was divided into four particle grades(>2000,2000-450,450-100 and 100-25 nm),to investigate the distribution characteristics and transformation of clay minerals in different particle grades.The results showed that:1)Soil particles decreased from>2000 nm to 100-25 nm,the relative content of illite in 2000-450 nm and 450-100 nm particles was reduced by 8%-11%,the 1.4 nm minerals and vermiculite in 100-25 nm particles were rare or even disappeared,the contents of free iron and amorphous iron increased,and were highest in 100-25 nm particles.2)Under the combined application of Chinese milk vetch and chemical fertilizer,the transformation of minerals showed obvious difference before and after the chemical fertilizer application rate of 80%.When fertilizer was reduced from 100%to 80%,the relative content of kaolinite increased by 14.1%-51.2%,while illite decreased by 3.6%-11.7%.With fertilizer continuously reduced,kaolinite decreased by 13.7%-28.8%,but illite increased by 2.6%-18.5%.3)With the decrease of chemical fertilizer dosage,the content of free iron changed irregularly,but the content of amorphous iron increased significantly at first and then decreased,and reached a maximum of 145.31 g/kg at MV+F80 in 100-25 nm nanoparticles.In conclusion,the conversion of kaolinited,illite and amorphous iron in soil particles is significantly correlated with the reduction of fertilizer application,and the effect is most significant at the 20%reduction of fertilizer application.

关 键 词：紫云英 化肥减施 纳米颗粒 黏粒矿物 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]