静电纺陶瓷纳米纤维高温隔热材料的研究进展  

Research progress in high-temperature insulation materials of electrospun ceramic nanofiber

作　　者：仇小晗 李泳材 许梦月 刘呈坤 张坤[1,2] 毛雪 QIU Xiaohan;LI Yongcai;XU Mengyue;LIU Chengkun;ZHANG Kun;MAO Xue(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Xi′an Polytechnic University,Xi′an 710048;Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of Ministry of Education,Xi′an Polytechnic University,Xi′an 710048)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学纺织科学与工程学院,陕西西安710048 [2]西安工程大学功能纺织材料及制品教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2024年第4期62-67,共6页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52202110);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2024GX-YBXM-406,2022SF-201);陕西省教育厅服务地方专项计划项目(23JC029);西安市科技计划项目(21XJZZ0012);碑林区科技计划项目(GX2206)。

摘　　要：综述了静电纺陶瓷纳米纤维膜和陶瓷纳米纤维气凝胶的制备技术及其在高温隔热领域的应用研究现状。柔性陶瓷纳米纤维膜具有低导热系数、高柔韧性、耐高温性,可应用于各类高温狭小空间,但因其厚度较薄,难以有效阻挡热辐射,导致其隔热性能较差。陶瓷纳米纤维气凝胶厚度较大,可有效阻挡热辐射,但气凝胶孔隙率较高、内部孔隙较大,导致高温热对流明显,高温隔热效果未达到理想效果。未来的研究方向是优化陶瓷纤维结构、改善其隔热性能,探索多相复合技术等手段,进一步降低陶瓷纳米纤维膜的热辐射和陶瓷纳米纤维气凝胶的热对流,以提升二者在高温环境中的隔热效果,为其在极端温度环境隔热的实际应用提供更好的解决方案。The research status of the preparation technologies and application of electrospun ceramic nanofibrous membranes and ceramic nanofibrous aerogels was reviewed in the field of thermal insulation.Flexible ceramic nanofibrous membranes have low thermal conductivity,high flexibility and high temperature resistance,which can be used in various high temperature narrow spaces,however,it is difficult to effectively block thermal radiation due to its low thickness,resulting in poor thermal insulation performance of nanofibrous membranes.Ceramic nanofibrous aerogels can effectively block thermal radiation due to its high thickness,but the high porosity of aerogel and large internal pores result in obvious high temperature thermal convection,hence the ceramic nanofibrous aerogels cannot achieve the desired high temperature thermal insulation effect.The research in the future should be focused on optimizing the structure of ceramic fibers,improving their thermal insulation performance and exploring multiphase composite technologies to further reduce the thermal radiation of ceramic nanofibrous membrane and the thermal convection of ceramic nanofibrous aerogel,so as to improve the thermal insulation effect of the both in high temperature environment and provide a better solution for the practical application of thermal insulation in extreme temperature environment.

关 键 词：陶瓷纳米纤维膜 陶瓷纳米纤维气凝胶 静电纺丝 高温隔热材料 

分 类 号：TQ343.5[化学工程—化纤工业]