聚甲醛纤维制备技术与性能及应用研究进展  

Research progress in preparation technologies and properties and applications of polyoxymethylene fibers

作　　者：张士佳 牛艳丰 吴鹏飞 吴月芳 刘明鑫 ZHANG Shijia;NIU Yanfeng;WU Pengfei;WU Yuefang;LIU Mingxin(Shenhua Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100011;Jiuzhou Xingji Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nantong 226400;State Key Laboratory of Biosource Fiber Manufacturing Technology,China National Academy of Textile Sciences,Beijing 100025)

机构地区：[1]神华工程技术有限公司,北京100011 [2]九州星际科技有限公司,江苏南通226400 [3]中国纺织科学研究院有限公司生物源纤维制造技术国家重点实验室,北京100025

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2024年第4期68-73,共6页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

摘　　要：综述了聚甲醛(POM)纤维的制备技术、结构调控及应用研究进展。POM纤维制备技术主要包括静电纺丝法、冻胶纺丝法和熔融纺丝法。静电纺丝法可制备纳米纤维,但效率较低;熔融纺丝法工艺简单,成本低廉,但受限于POM的易分解和高结晶度,难以获得高强度纤维;冻胶纺丝法可通过多级热拉伸实现高结晶度和取向度。在结构调控方面,通过控制分子链规整性、添加结晶抑制剂或采用不同的冷却方法,可以降低POM的结晶度,从而提高纤维的拉伸取向和强度。POM纤维在基建、工业和民用领域具有广泛应用,如增强混凝土、绳索、过滤器、高端防护材料等。未来POM纤维的研究重点应放在开发灵活的熔融纺丝技术,研发合适溶剂,优化工艺流程,降低成本,扩大原料适用范围及研发回收技术上。The research progress in the preparation technologies,structural regulation and application of polyoxymethylene(POM)fibers was reviewed.The preparation technologies of POM fibers mainly include electrospinning process,gel spinning process and melt spinning process.Electrospinning process can be used to prepare nanofibers,but with relatively low efficiency.Melt spinning process has simple process and low cost,but it is difficult to produce high-strength fibers due to easy decomposition and high crystallinity of POM.Gel spinning process can achieve high crystallinity and degree of orientation through multi-stage hot stretching.In terms of structural regulation,the crystallinity of POM can be reduced by controlling the regularity of molecular chains,adding crystallization inhibitors or using different cooling methods,thereby improving the tensile orientation and strength of fibers.POM fibers have a wide applications in the fields of infrastructure,industry and civil,such as reinforcing concrete,ropes,filters and high-end protective materials.The research focus of POM fibers should be focused on developing adaptable melt spinning technology and suitable solvents,optimizing technological process,reducing production costs,expanding the application scope of raw material applications and developing recycling technologies in the future.

关 键 词：聚甲醛纤维 多级拉伸 结构 性能 

分 类 号：TQ342.9[化学工程—化纤工业]