“十三五”期间我国油菜遗传育种研究进展——基于“十三五”国家重点研发计划“七大农作物育种”重点专项实施情况分析  

Research progress in genetic breeding of rapeseed during the“13th Five-Year Plan”period in China--Analysis of the implementation of the“Seven Major Crops Breeding”Projects during the 13^(th) Five-Year Plan

作　　者：杨毅 叶世英 满建国 YANG Yi;YE Shi-ying;MAN Jian-guo(Research Institute of Science and Technology Development,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学科学技术发展研究院,湖北武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第4期703-711,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301405);科技管理研究项目(2300004)。

摘　　要：“七大农作物育种”重点专项是“十三五”期间生物种业领域的唯一专项,对于夯实和引领育种科技发展方向,保障我国农作物种业安全具有重要意义。油菜是“七大农作物育种”重点专项重要研究对象之一,本文根据油菜遗传育种领域在专项中的布局与实施情况,从优异种质资源挖掘、重要农艺性状基因的克隆和机理解析、育种方法与技术创新、重要新材料和新品种选育、种子繁育与加工技术等五个方面梳理总结油菜遗传育种在“十三五”期间取得的主要研究进展和重大成果以及项目组织实施管理经验,并对未来该领域的研究提出三点对策建议,一是加强顶层设计,做好重大项目系统化布局;二是优化管理制度,完善生物技术育种管理法规体系;三是创新育种产业链,构建科企密切分工合作的种业创新体系。"Seven Major Crops Breeding"project is the sole special project in the field of biological seed industry during the“13th Five-Year Plan”.It is of great significance for consolidating and leading the development direction of breeding technology and safety ensuring of China's crop seed industry.Rapeseed is one of the important objects in the project.Based on the layout and implementation of rapeseed genetic breeding,this paper summarized the main research progress,major achievements,organization and implementation management experience of rapeseed genetic breeding during the period from 5 aspects,including elite germplasm exploring,genes cloning and mechanism analysis of important agronomic traits,innovation on breeding technologies for new materials and varieties,and seed multiplication and processing technology.In addition,3 countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for future research in this field:1st,strengthen top-level design and systematic layout of major projects;2nd,optimize the management system and improve the regulatory framework for biotechnology breeding;3rd,innovate the breeding industry chain and build a seed industry innovation system with close division of labor and cooperation between science and enterprise.

关 键 词：油菜 遗传育种 国家重点研发计划 进展与成效 对策与建议 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]