芥菜型油菜种子中神经酸、芥酸和油酸含量的遗传分析  

Genetic analysis of nervonic acid,erucic acid and oleic acid content in seed of Brassica juncea

作　　者：范一铭 吴金锋 李洪戈 李浩[1] 陈碧云[1] 闫贵欣[1] 蔡光勤 伍晓明[1] FAN Yi-ming;WU Jin-feng;LI Hong-ge;LI Hao;CHEN Bi-yun;YAN Gui-xin;CAI Guang-qin;WU Xiao-ming(Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430062,China;College of Life and Health Sciences,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China;Cotton Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062 [2]湖南科技大学生命科学与健康学院,湖南湘潭411201 [3]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第4期781-794,共14页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：农业农村部精准鉴定项目(19221950);国家科技资源共享服务平台项目(NCGRC-2022-016);农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室项目(KF2020003)。

摘　　要：神经酸等有益脂肪酸对人体健康具有重要作用。芥菜型油菜作为神经酸潜力来源,是具有高品质的功能型油料作物。为探究芥菜型油菜神经酸等重要脂肪酸的遗传规律,本文以芥菜型油菜高神经酸种质JH1和低神经酸种质JL4为亲本,创制遗传分析世代(P_(1)、P_(2)、F_(1)/RF_(1)、B_(1)/RB_(1)、B_(2)/RB_(2)、F_(2)/RF_(2)),测定各世代种子的脂肪酸含量,对神经酸、芥酸和油酸含量进行相关性分析和遗传分析。结果发现,油酸与芥酸、神经酸呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),神经酸与芥酸极显著正相关(P<0.01)。两个亲本的神经酸含量分别为(2.998±0.274)%和(0.000±0.000)%,芥酸含量分别为(47.644±2.343)%和(0.000±0.000)%,油酸含量分别为(8.853±1.963)%和(48.649±3.395)%,亲本之间存在显著差异。F1和RF1的三种脂肪酸含量介于两个亲本之间,分离世代的表型分布广泛。遗传分析表明:三种脂肪酸含量的加性效应较强,其最佳遗传模型均为MX2-ADI-ADI(2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因)。B2/RB2和F2/RF2中三种脂肪酸的遗传都以主基因为主,遗传率较高,环境影响小。B1和RB1的神经酸和芥酸以主基因或多基因遗传为主,环境影响小,油酸受环境影响较大。本文结果为高神经酸芥菜型油菜品质育种提供了理论依据。The beneficial fatty acids such as nervonic acid play an important role in human health.As a potential source of nervonic acid,Brassica juncea is a functional oil crop with high quality.In order to investigate the genetic laws of important fatty acids such as nervonic acid in B.juncea,we created genetic analysis generations(P_(1),P_(2),F_(1)/RF_(1),B_(1)/RB_(1),B_(2)/RB_(2),F_(2)/RF_(2))with high nervonic acid germplasm JH1 and low nervonic acid germplasm JL4 of B.juncea as parents,and determined the contents of fatty acids in seeds of each generation.Correlation analysis and genetic analysis were carried out for the contents of nervonic acid,erucic acid and oleic acid.The results showed that oleic acid was significantly negatively correlated with erucic acid and nervonic acid(P<0.01),and nervonic acid was significantly positively correlated with erucic acid(P<0.01).The contents of nervonic acid,erucic acid and oleic acid in JH1 and JL4 were(2.998±0.274)%and(0.000±0.000)%,(47.644±2.343)%and(0.000±0.000)%,(8.853±1.963)%and(48.649±3.395)%,respectively,with significant differences between the parents.The contents of three fatty acids of F1 and RF1 were between those of the two parents and the phenotypes of isolated generations were widely distributed.Genetic analysis showed that the contents of the three acids had strong additive effect,and their best genetic model was MX2-ADI-ADI(two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic major genes+additivedominant-epistatic polygenes).The heredity of the three fatty acids in B2/RB2 and F2/RF2 was mainly regulated by the major genes,and the heritability was higher,with little environmental influence.Nervonic acid and erucic acid of B1 and RB1 were mainly inherited by major genes or polygenes,with little environmental influence,while oleic acid was more affected by environmental influence.The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for quality breeding of B.juncea with high nervonic acid.

关 键 词：芥菜型油菜 神经酸 芥酸 油酸 主基因+多基因 遗传模型 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]