不同带宽行比对玉米/大豆带状间套作群体产量和氮素效率的影响  

Effects of different bandwidth and row ratios on yield and nitrogen efficiency of maize/soybean by relay strip intercropping

作　　者：李银水[1] 黄翔 罗金华 吕典 金晶 李必钦[3] 秦璐[1] 顾炽明 余常兵[1] LI Yin-shui;HUANG Xiang;LUO Jin-hua;LYU Dian;JIN Jing;LI Bi-qin;QIN Lu;GU Chi-ming;YU Chang-bing(Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Biology&Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430062,China;Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science,Wuhan 430070,China;Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Enshi 445000,China;Faculty of Resources and Environment Science,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062 [2]武汉市农业科学院,湖北武汉430000 [3]恩施州农业科学院,湖北恩施445000 [4]湖北大学资源环境学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第4期863-871,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300209)。

摘　　要：为明确玉米/大豆带状间套作的最优配置,大田试验条件下,以单作玉米(MM)和单作大豆(MS)为对照,设置5种不同带宽行比:2 m带宽玉豆行数比为2∶2(T1)、2.4 m带宽玉豆行数比为2∶3(T2)、2.4 m带宽玉豆行数比为2∶4(T3)、2.8 m带宽玉豆行数比为2∶3(T4)、2.8 m带宽玉豆行数比为2∶4(T5),研究不同带宽行比对玉米/大豆带状间套作群体产量和氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,玉米籽粒产量总体上随着带宽增加呈现逐渐减少的趋势,大豆籽粒产量总体上随着带宽增加呈现逐渐增加的趋势;相同带宽条件下,随着玉米大豆行比增加,玉米籽粒产量下降,大豆籽粒产量增加;玉米和大豆的植株氮素吸收利用效率变化规律与籽粒产量基本相一致。与对照相比,T2有提高玉米和大豆的收获指数,增加氮素在玉米和大豆籽粒的分配比例、降低在茎秆的分配比例的趋势。综合产量、经济效益以及群体氮素吸收、分配和利用效率的表现,2.4 m带宽下种植2行玉米3行大豆为鄂西南山区玉米/大豆的最优间套作模式。To explore the optimal bandwidth and row ratios of maize/soybean by relay strip intercropping,a field experiment was conducted.Five bandwidth and row ratios treatments were set up with monocropping maize(MM)and soybean(MS)as the control.There were 2 m bandwidth with maize/soybean row ratio 2∶2(treatment 1),2.4 m bandwidth with maize/soybean row ratio of 2∶3(treatment 2)and 2∶4(treatment 3),2.8 m bandwidth with maize/soybean row ratio of 2∶3(treatment 4)and 2∶4(treatment 5).The effects of these treatments on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of maize and soybean were studied.The results showed that the grain yield of maize decreased gradually with the increase of bandwidth,and the grain yield of soybean increased gradually with the increase of bandwidth.Under the same bandwidth condition,the grain yield of maize was declined with the increase of maize/soybean row ratio,and the grain yield of soybean showed an increasing trend.The changes of nitrogen uptake and use efficiencies of maize and soybean were consistent with changes of grain yields.The harvest index of maize and soybean at the treatment 2 were increased,accompanied by increased nitrogen allocation ratio to grains and decreased nitrogen allocation ratio to stems.Considering the characteristics of grain yields,economic benefits and the nitrogen uptake,allocation and use efficiency,its suggested that the optimal maize/soybean relay strip planting pattern with 2 rows of maize and 3 rows of soybean under 2.4 m bandwidth was the optimal intercropping mode for maize/soybean in the mountainous area of southwest Hubei Province.

关 键 词：带宽行比 玉米/大豆 带状间套作 产量 氮素效率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]