土壤根肿菌定量检测方法的建立及常德市油菜根肿病调查  

Establishment of a detection method for soil plasmodiophora brassicae and investigation of rapeseed clubroot in Changde

作　　者：卢文斌 郭诗芬 徐定辉 贺群华 薛高尚 张振乾[1] 刘忠松[1] 肖钢[1] LU Wen-bin;GUO Shi-fen;XU Ding-hui;HE Qun-hua;XUE Gao-shang;ZHANG Zhen-qian;LIU Zhong-song;XIAO Gang(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Lufeng Town,Huaihua 419300,China;Changde Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Changde 415099,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]溆浦县卢峰镇农业综合服务中心,湖南怀化419300 [3]常德市农林科学研究院,湖南常德415099

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第4期897-903,共7页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：湖南省种业创新项目(2021NK1004)。

摘　　要：根肿病严重危害油菜及其他十字花科蔬菜,通过检测土壤根肿菌孢子浓度,能够评估田块中根肿病发生的风险程度,为防治根肿病提供参考。本研究利用荧光定量PCR(qPCR)技术,建立了油菜土壤根肿病菌qPCR定量检测技术。以来自湖南省不同地区的发病油菜植株和带病土壤对该技术进行验证,结果表明该技术拥有较高的灵敏性和特异性。该技术判定田间根肿病发病的根肿菌孢子阈值浓度为1.34×10^(3)个/克土壤,当土壤中孢子浓度高于阈值浓度时,油菜发生根肿病风险较大。对常德市各区县油菜种植地区进行了实地调查,并随机采集481块田的土壤样本,利用本研究建立的定量检测技术测定了土壤中根肿病菌孢子浓度,发现根肿病在常德地区已呈多点发展,并有加速扩散的趋势,如不及时采取有效防治措施,油菜根肿病在常德地区将大面积爆发,严重危害该地区的油菜发展。对于常德市油菜种植区,根肿病菌孢子浓度小于1.34×10^(3)个/克土壤的田块,根肿病发病的概率较低,可种植普通非抗性油菜品种,但需加强根肿病病情监控。孢子浓度高于1.34×10^(3)个/克土壤的田块需及时进行化学防治,或者种植根肿病抗性油菜品种。Clubroot has caused serious harms to rapeseed and other cruciferous vegetables in China.The risk levels of clubroot in a field can be evaluated by detecting the concentration of Plasmodiophora brassicae spores which causes rapeseed clubroot.In this study,a real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)method for P.brassicae quantitative detection was established.The method was validated by diseased rapeseed plants and rhizosphere soils of diseased plants from different areas in Hunan Province,and the results showed that the method has high sensitivity and specificity.This qPCR method determines that the threshold concentration of P.brassicae spores in soil for the occurrence of clubroot is 1.34×10^(3)/g of soil.When the concentration of spores in the soil is higher than the threshold concentration,the risk of the occurrence of clubroot in rapeseed is higher.A field investigation was carried out in rapeseed planting areas of Changde,and 481 soil samples were randomly collected.The qPCR method was used to detect the concentration of P.brassicae spores in soil samples.On the basis of concentration of rhizome spores detected and the field clubroot investigation,it was found that rapeseed clubroot has developed at many points in Changde and has the trend of accelerating the spread.If effective control measures are not taken in time,the clubroot will break out in a large area in Changde,which pose a severe danger to rapeseed production in Changde.For the rapeseed planting areas in Changde,the probability of occurrence of clubroot in fileds is low when no spores of P.brassicae or the spore concentration less than 1.34×10^(3)/g of soil have been detected,and non-resistant rapeseed varieties can be planted in these fields,but the disease in these fields should be monitored closely.Fields with spore concentration higher than1.34×10^(3)/g of soil need chemical prevention and control or planting of rapeseed varieties with resistance to clubroot.

关 键 词：油菜 根肿病 根肿病菌孢子 qPCR 常德市 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学]