四种功能植物对花生田捕食性天敌昆虫与蓟马的影响  

Effects of four functional plants on predatory natural enemies and thrips in peanut fields

作　　者：朱悦 晏方勤 李晓[3] 孙文秀[2] 曲明静[3] 矫岩林[4] 姚永生[1] ZHU Yue;YAN Fang-qin;LI Xiao;SUN Wen-xiu;QU Ming-jing;JIAO Yan-lin;YAO Yong-sheng(College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Aral 843300,China;College of Life Sciences,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China;Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yantai 265500,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]长江大学生命科学学院,湖北荆州434025 [3]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [4]山东省烟台市农业科学研究院,山东烟台265500

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第4期938-946,共9页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项基金(2022A02008-4)。

摘　　要：为明确不同功能植物对花生田主要捕食性天敌和蓟马发生的影响,本研究在花生田种植了四种功能植物,设计为三组处理区(婆婆纳+接力植物菊芋处理区、百日菊处理区、菊苣处理区),构建花生-功能植物微景观系统,调查分析了不同处理区瓢虫科、花蝽科和食蚜蝇科三类捕食性天敌和蓟马的种群发生量和发生动态。结果表明:婆婆纳+接力植物菊芋处理区食蚜蝇发生总量显著高于花生单作,为1.85倍;苗期食蚜蝇大量发生时婆婆纳对食蚜蝇的吸引作用显著。这一组合中的接力植物菊芋在7月下旬至8月初对瓢虫科的引诱效果显著高于百日菊、菊苣和花生单作。百日菊处理区从7月中旬至8月下旬食蚜蝇科天敌发生量显著高于菊苣区、婆婆纳+菊芋区和花生单作区,而且其瓢虫科和花蝽科的总量也显著高于花生单作区,分别为花生单作区的2.44倍和3.02倍。菊苣处理区瓢虫科的总量是花生单作的3.35倍。此外,种植三组功能植物后,花生斑块的蓟马类害虫发生总量没有显著性下降,但三组处理区的花蓟马的发生量均显著低于花生单作区,婆婆纳+菊芋处理区和百日菊处理区花生斑块上早期发生的玉米黄呆蓟马的发生量显著低于花生单作区。本研究表明,婆婆纳对食蚜蝇科、菊苣和菊芋对瓢虫科、百日菊对三类天敌有显著的引诱效果,三组功能植物虽然不能压低花生上蓟马类害虫总体的种群数量,但对花生田优势蓟马花蓟马有一定控制作用;婆婆纳+菊芋和百日菊对花生上的玉米黄呆蓟马有一定控制作用,对于苗期花生蓟马控害有积极意义。In order to determine the effects of functional plants planted in peanut field on the occurrence of main predatory natural enemies and thrips,four functional plants were designed into three treatment areas(Veronica persica+Helianthus tuberosus treatment area,Zinnia elegans treatment area,and Cichorium intybus treatment area),to construct peanut-functional plant micro landscape system.The quantility and population dynamics of three families of predatory natural enemies(i.e.,Coccinellidae,Anthocoridae,Syrphidae)and thrips in different treatment areas were investigated and analyzed.The results indicated that the total amount of occurrence of syrphids in the V.persica+H.tuberosus treatment area was 1.85 times higher than that of peanut monoculture area.And V.persica exhibited a significant attraction on syrphids at seedling stage of peanut when syrphids eaters peak occurrence period.The attractive effect of H.tuberosus on coccinellids was significantly higher than those of Z.elegans,C.intybus and peanut monocluture from late July to early August.From mid-July to late August,the attractive effect of Z.elegans on the natural enemies of the family of Syrphidae was significantly higher than that of C.intybus,V.persica+H.tuberosus and peanut monoculture.The total amount of coccinellids and anthocorids in Z.elegans treatment area were 2.44 times and 3.02 times higher than that in peanut monoculture area,respectively.The total amount of coccinellids in C.intybus treatment area was 3.35 times higher than that in peanut monoculture area.In addition,after planting three groups of functional plants,there was no significant difference in the total number of thrips in peanut plots.However,the total occurrence of Frankliniella intonsa in the peanut plots of all the three treatment areaswas significantly lower than that in peanut monoculture area.The total occurrence of Anaphothrips obscurus in the peanut plot of V.persic+H.tuberosus treatment area and Z.elegans treatment area was significantly lower than that in peanut monoculture

关 键 词：功能植物 捕食性天敌 蓟马 花生 

分 类 号：S435.652[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476[农业科学—植物保护]