铝合金表面氧化物激光清洗机理研究进展  

Research Progress on Laser Cleaning Mechanism of Aluminum Alloy Surface Oxide

作　　者：王瑞洋 许敏恒 彭珍珍 王立伟 刘宏伟 汪殿龙 梁志敏[1,2] WANG Ruiyang;XU Minheng;PENG Zhenzhen;WANG Liwei;LIU Hongwei;WANG Dianong;LIANG Zhimin(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Material Near-net Forming Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China;Institute of Remanufacturing Industry Technology,Jing-Jin-Ji,Hebei Cangzhou 062450,China;College of Mechanical Engineering,Yanshan University,Hebei Qinhuangdao 066004,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学材料科学与工程学院,石家庄050018 [2]河北省材料近净成形技术重点实验室,石家庄050018 [3]京津冀再制造产业技术研究院,河北沧州062450 [4]燕山大学机械工程学院,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《表面技术》2024年第15期21-33,共13页Surface Technology

基　　金：河北省科技重大专项(23263801Z);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(BJK2022020)。

摘　　要：激光清洗作为21世纪新兴的清洗技术,以其独有的高精度、环保节能等优势,很大程度契合了当前可持续发展的要求。在归纳众多试验和理论研究的基础上,以激光能量密度为变量,重点综述了随着激光能量密度的变化,激光去除铝合金表面氧化层的不同机理,包括热机械膨胀、熔化蒸发、相爆炸、蒸发压力冲击、等离子体冲击,传统意义上的清洗机理“热烧蚀”应被理解为一种实验观察到的现象。介绍了当前激光清洗机理研究中常用手段,包括高速摄像和热力学模拟。介绍了当前激光清洗机理分析中遇到的一些困难,包括升温过程的复杂性和微观清洗过程的难观测性等。在此基础上,介绍了不同清洗机理作用下的铝合金表面质量变化,包括表面粗糙度及烧蚀坑形貌。对清洗机理与应用之间的联系进行说明,包括激光清洗对样品表面性能(如硬度、耐蚀性等)的影响。同时针对激光作用过程中涉及的多因素耦合作用进行了说明,包括各种能量场耦合,以及因界面声阻抗不同而产生的拉应力等对清洗过程的影响。最后提出当前制约激光清洗技术发展存在的一些问题,并对激光清洗技术的发展方向进行了展望。Laser cleaning,as an emerging cleaning technology in the 21st century,with its unique advantages of high precision,environmental protection and energy conservation,can quickly and efficiently remove contaminants from the surface of the substrate,which largely meets the requirements of current sustainable development.Considering that the energy density formula covers most important laser parameters such as laser power,laser frequency,and spot diameter,the mechanism of laser removal of aluminum alloy surface oxide layer was summarized with laser energy density as a variable,and the relationship between laser cleaning mechanism and application was explained.Based on different energy densities,the mechanism of laser cleaning of aluminum alloy surface oxide layer was summarized as follows:thermal mechanical expansion,melting and evaporation,phase explosion,evaporation pressure shock,and plasma impact.Each mechanism was explained by listing a large number of phenomena.At the same time,it should be noted that many scholars often used the"thermal ablation"mechanism to explain the removal mechanism under low energy density.However,as research deepened,the removal processes involved in this mechanism were constantly revealed.Therefore,it was specifically pointed out that the traditional cleaning mechanism of"thermal ablation"should be used to describe a cleaning phenomenon,and the removal mechanism involved needed further exploration.The commonly used methods in current mechanism research was introduced.When studying the mechanism of laser cleaning of the oxide layer on the surface of aluminum alloys both domestically and internationally,high-speed cameras were often used to study the sputtering phenomenon during the cleaning process or observe the surface morphology after laser treatment.Targeted mechanisms were proposed,or thermodynamic models were constructed to further explain the changes in the temperature field during the process,so as to help explain the mechanism.The surface quality changes of aluminum alloys under

关 键 词：激光清洗 铝合金氧化层 清洗机理 能量密度 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]