数据要素产权界定层次论——法理基础、规范设计与机制保障  

Hierarchy of Property Rights Definition for Data Elements——Legal Basis,Regulatory Design,and Mechanism Safeguards

作　　者：申文君 Shen Wenjun(School of Law,Xi an University of Finance and Economy,Xi an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安财经大学法学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2024年第8期74-82,136,共10页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：国家社科基金面上项目“社会企业参与乡村振兴的法律机制研究”(21XFX011)。

摘　　要：数据要素市场良好发展的基础是数据要素权属清晰化、层次明确化。数据要素的经济价值、数据要素所承载的不同主体权利,以及数据要素对于经济发展和国家安全的公共价值,构成数据要素产权界定的法理基础。基于数据要素来源、生成和交易各环节的主体利益,层次化的数据要素产权包括数据生产者的财产性和非财产性权利、数据处理者的有限产权,出于国家安全和公共利益保护,还应当对数据要素产权进行安全审查、使用控制等措施。完善数据要素产权的机制保障,一是应当以试点先行的方式建立数据产权登记制度,确认产权归属;二是应当区分交易主体和数据利益属性,构建类型化的数据交易机制;三是在积极参与国际数据交易规则制定的同时,推进多元化的、中国特色的数据交易争议解决机制建设。The foundation of the successful development of data element markets lies in the clarity and hierarchy of data element ownership.The economic value of data elements,the various rights held by different parties over data elements,and the public value of data elements for economic development and national security constitute the legal basis for defining data element property rights.Based on the interests of stakeholders in the various stages of data element sourcing,generation,and trading,hierarchical data element property rights include both proprietary and non-proprietary rights of data producers and limited rights of data processors.To protect national security and public interest,data element property rights should also undergo security reviews and usage controls.To improve the mechanisms safeguards of data element property rights,firstly,a data property rights registration system should be established by the way of a pilot to confirm the attribution of property rights.Secondly,distinctions should be made between trading entities and data interest attributes,leading to the development of a typed data trading mechanism.Thirdly,while increasing participation in the formulation of international data trading rules,efforts should be made to promote the construction of diverse,China-specific data trading dispute resolution mechanisms.

关 键 词：数据权属 数字经济 数据二十条 个人信息 国家安全 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]