氨氮应激对鱼类生命活动影响的研究进展  

Research Progress on Effects of Ammonia NitrogenStress on Life Activities of Fish

作　　者：王雪芹 杨晓玲 彭衡阳 戴景辉 阳涛 WANG Xueqin;YANG Xiaoling;PENG Hengyang;DAI Jinghui;YANG Tao(Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Intelligent Aquaculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;Animal Health Research Institute,Tongwei Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部水产营养与智慧养殖重点实验室,四川成都610041 [2]通威农业发展有限公司动物保健研究所,四川成都610041

出　　处：《水产养殖》2024年第8期18-24,共7页Journal of Aquaculture

基　　金：四川省科技计划重点研发项目“加州鲈健康养殖关键技术研究与示范”(2022YFN0012)。

摘　　要：简述了氨氮应激对鱼类活动和行为、代谢与生长、组织结构、生理生化指标以及免疫的影响。指出,氨氮污染已经成为威胁鱼类生长发育的主要污染物质之一,在现代高密度的养殖环境下,长期的急性或慢性氨氮胁迫,对水生生物的危害已经远超过其耐受能力,导致其行为异常,生长速度缓慢,免疫力降低,鱼类整体抗应激能力下降,病害增多。提出,在养殖生产过程中,应通过科学合理的手段进行养殖管理,在饲料及营养水平方面,对水产养殖动物的机体免疫进行调节,增强鱼类自身对环境中氨氮应激的耐受能力和水平。This paper briefly reviewed the effects of ammonia nitrogen stress on fish’s activities in various aspects,including ethology,metabolism,histology,physiology,and immunology.As a major environmental pollutant,the ammonia nitrogen shows serous impact on fish growth and development.In the modern high-density farming environments,the harm of long-term acute or chronic ammonia-nitrogen stress has far exceeded the tolerance of aquatic organisms,which leads to behavioral disorders,growth retardation,and compromised immunity.As a consequence,the stress response ability of fish is weakened while disease incidence increases.Therefore,the farming management should be conducted through scientific and rational methods that regulate feed and nutrient levels during farming to effectively modulate the fish immune system,which further enhance the resistance and adaptability of fish towards environmental ammonia nitrogen stress.

关 键 词：氨氮胁迫 应激反应 水产养殖 营养调控 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]