巴西矿业投资的机遇与挑战  

Opportunities and challenges of mining investment in Brazil

作　　者：王靓靓[1] 张伟波[1] 于瑞 张福良[1] 吴亮 赵东杰 黄霞 WANG Liangliang;ZHANG Weibo;YU Rui;ZHANG Fuliang;WU Liang;ZHAO Dongjie;HUANG Xia(Development and Research Center of China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China;Xi’an Xingya Electronic Information Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037 [2]西安星雅电子信息技术有限公司,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第8期8-15,共8页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：战略性矿产资源政策与投资环境评价项目资助(编号:DD20211404)。

摘　　要：巴西矿产资源丰富,铁矿、铝土矿、铌钽、锡、锰等为其优势矿产,开发潜力巨大,与我国矿产资源需求格局高度互补,中巴矿业投资合作对于我国资源安全保障具有重要意义。巴西地质勘查工作程度总体水平居拉丁美洲各国之首,2023年,矿业勘查投入达到历史高位,其中,外资投入占比过半,中资企业也加快了与巴西矿业合作的步伐。巴西矿产资源开发利用程度较高,优势矿产资源年产量全球占比位居前列。在域内域外多重力量助推下,中资企业在巴西矿业投资环境机遇与挑战并存:中巴政治互信持续升温、人民币结算破局、矿业政策相对稳定等使得矿业投资迎来机遇;金融环境欠佳、关键矿产资源战略持续深化、产业链本土化进程加剧、积极参与国际矿产联盟态势显现等使得矿业投资面临一定挑战。因此,本文建议深化中巴矿业战略合作;充分利用政策利好契机,布局我国紧缺战略性矿种投资;强化风险管控意识,提高风险预警能力;输出我国优势产能,回应巴西矿业产业链本土化发展诉求。Brazil is rich in mineral resources,iron ore,bauxite,niobium-tantalite,tin,manganese and other superior minerals,with huge development potential,and highly complementary with mineral resources demand pattern of China,which is of great significance for resource security of China.The overall level of geological exploration in Brazil ranks first among resource countries in Latin America,and the mining investment exploration in 2023 reached a historical high,of which foreign investment accounted for more than half.Chinese enterprises have accelerated the pace of cooperation with Brazil’s mining industry in recent years.The country has a high degree of exploitation and utilization of mineral resources,and the annual output of superior mineral resources ranks in the forefront of the world.Under the impetus of multiple forces within and outside the region,opportunities and challenges coexist in Brazil’s mining investment environment,and the political mutual trust between China and Brazil continues to rise,the RMB settlement is broken,and the mining policy is relatively stable,presenting opportunities in the investment environment.The poor financial environment,the deepening of strategic mineral resource strategy,and the localization process of the industrial chain is intensifying,and the emergence of participation in international mineral alliance make mining investment face certain challenges.It is suggested to fully enjoy the dividends of political mutual trust between China and Pakistan and deepen strategic cooperation in mining industry.Make full use of the opportunity of policy stability to lay out the strategic mineral investment in short supply in China.Strengthen the awareness of risk control,avoid multi-dimensional risks to carry out mining investment prudently.Taking advantage of the situation to export China’s superior production capacity,to cope with the intensification of the localization process of the mining industry chain.

关 键 词：巴西 矿业投资 矿产资源 投资机遇 产业链 

分 类 号：TD-9[矿业工程] F407.1[经济管理—产业经济]