张謇的盐业改革及其现代管理启迪  

Zhang Jian's Salt Industry Reform and Its Enlightenment for Modern Management

作　　者：祝涛 邱钰 Zhu Tao;Qiu Yu

机构地区：[1]常州市社会科学院盐文化研究中心 [2]厦门大学哲学系

出　　处：《中国文化与管理》2024年第1期256-267,277,278,共14页Chinese Culture and Management

摘　　要：深受修身齐家、理财治国之道熏陶的晚清状元张謇,在中国的盐政管理、产业升级等领域做出过不可小觑的理论探索和实践贡献。面对晚清盐政的管理积弊,他契理、契机地积极倡导盐业改革。为了提振衰落的淮南盐业,他勇于实业救国,独辟蹊径自创盐业公司以革新制盐工艺,转变生产方式;同时,张謇以设厂聚煎、就场征税等全新理念力倡盐政制度的变革。在实干兴邦的过程中,张謇既不辞劳苦地探索了日本盐田法、以煤替草、滩晒板晒法等一系列新的生产技术,又因地制宜高瞻远瞩地从宏观层面降低全国的制盐成本,以淮北济南盐场建设、淮南“废灶兴垦”运动促成两淮地区的产业结构之调整升级。在积极探索盐改、应对内忧外患的道路上,张謇可谓是中国盐业现代化历程的先觉者兼先行者,其所展现的寻找蓝海、战略转变、人本管理、降本增效等经营智慧,对当下的经济建设和生产管理都具有理论启发意义和现实参考价值。Zhang Jian,a Zhuangyuan(the Jinsi who ranked first in the palace exam)in late Qing Dynasty,deeply influenced by the principles of self-cultivation,family harmony and financial management,made significant theoretical exploration on and practical contributions to the management and upgrading of China's salt industry.Facing the accumulated malpractice of salt administration that time,he actively,rationally and opportunely advocated the reform of the salt industry.In order to revitalize the declining salt industry in Huainan,he created his own salt company,innovated the salt production process and transformed the production pattern.Meanwhile,Zhang Jian advocated for the reform of the salt administration system with new ideas such as setting up factories for collective frying and on-site taxation.To revitalize the country through practical work,Zhang Jian tirelessly sought a series of new production technologies,such as Japanese salt field method,replacing grass with coal,and the beach tanning method,and also,at the macro level,reduced the cost of national salt production in accordance with local conditions.Additionally,he adjusted and upgraded the industrial structure there with the construction of the Jinan Salt Field in Huaibei and the campaign of“Abandoning Stoves and Revitalizing Reclamation”in Huainan.Accordingly,for his active salt reform and addressing internal and external challenges,Zhang Jian can be regarded as the precursor and forerunner in the modernization of China's salt industry.His business wisdom,such as searching for the blue ocean,strategic transformation,people-oriented management,and cost reduction and efficiency enhancement,is of theoretical inspirational significance and practical reference value to the current economic construction and production management.

关 键 词：张謇 盐政改革 管理智慧 现代启迪 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] F429[历史地理—中国史]