干细胞机械敏感性对抗骨质疏松症研究进展  

Advances in the use of stem cell mechanical sensitivity against osteoporosis

作　　者：周丽芸 王岩[1] 董本超 杨培川 申佳慧 马剑雄[1] 马信龙[1] ZHOU Liyun;WANG Yan;DONG Benchao;YANG Peichuan;SHEN Jiahui;MA Jianxiong;MA Xinlong(Tianjin Hospital,Tianjin University(Tianjin Hospital),Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering,Tianjin Orthopaedic Institute,Tianjin 300211,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学天津医院(天津市天津医院),天津市骨科生物力学与医学工程重点实验室,天津市骨科研究所,300211

出　　处：《天津医药》2024年第8期877-882,共6页Tianjin Medical Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3601904);天津市自然科学基金重点项目(22JCZDJC00340);天津市卫生健康科技项目(TJWJ2022QN053)。

摘　　要：骨质疏松症是一种新兴威胁,其特征是骨量和微结构的系统性损伤,导致脆性骨折。外泌体是一种由细胞分泌到胞外的纳米级囊泡微粒,具有与来源细胞相似的生物学活性,在细胞间通讯过程中扮演着重要角色。多种细胞来源的外泌体参与了骨代谢过程中骨相关细胞增殖分化的调控,并具有稳定性高、无免疫原性及靶向能力强等优势,弥补了传统药物及干细胞疗法的不足。源自骨髓间充质干细胞分泌的外泌体可以促进骨再生,改善骨形态、生物力学和组织学损伤,而且机械微环境中源自骨髓间质干细胞的外泌体在诱导成骨方面更有效,显著增强骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨作用,促进骨再生。就间充质干细胞的机械敏感性,机械响应的功能化外泌体进行综述,探讨其对治疗骨质疏松症的潜在作用。Osteoporosis is an emerging threat characterized by systemic damage to bone mass and microarchitecture leading to fragility fractures.Exosomes are nanosized vesicular particles secreted by cells into the extracellular compartment with biological activities similar to those of their cell of origin and play an important role in intercellular communication processes.Exosomes from multiple cell sources are involved in the regulation of bone-related cell proliferation and differentiation during bone metabolism,and have the advantages of high stability,non-immunogenicity and strong targeting ability,which make up for the shortcomings of traditional drug and stem cell therapies.Exosomes secreted from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)can promote bone regeneration and improve morphology,biomechanics and histological damage,and exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in the mechanical microenvironment are more effective in inducing osteogenesis,significantly enhancing the osteogenic effect of BMSCs and promoting bone regeneration.Therefore,this article provides a review on the mechano-sensitivity of MSCs,mechanical responsive functionalized exosomes of MSCs,and explores their potential role in the treatment of osteoporosis.

关 键 词：骨质疏松 外泌体 间质干细胞 骨髓 机械刺激 

分 类 号：R681.4[医药卫生—骨科学]