山地齿轨列车轮齿啮合噪声特性分析  

Characteristic Analysis on Gear Tooth Meshing Noise of Rack Railway Vehicle

作　　者：赵悦 ZHAO Yue(Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Deyang Sichuan 618307,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民用航空飞行学院,四川德阳618307

出　　处：《交通节能与环保》2024年第4期98-103,共6页Transport Energy Conservation & Environmental Protection

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC1897);中国民用航空飞行学院青年科研基金(QJ2023-023)。

摘　　要：基于刚度激励轮齿产生振动辐射噪声的机理,本文采用COMSOL Multiphysics建立山地齿轨列车轮齿啮合振动噪声简化预测模型,开展轮齿啮合时变刚度、轮齿啮合接触力、齿轮齿轨啮合振动辐射噪声的预测分析,揭示了山地齿轨列车齿轮、齿轨啮合振动噪声的形成机理及特性。研究结果表明,轮齿啮合过程中同时参与啮合的轮齿对数随时间做周期变化,从而形成了轮齿啮合刚度激励,因此轮齿啮合接触力和齿轮、齿轨的噪声频谱均呈现较明显的谐频振动特性,谐频频率为齿轮单个齿啮合频率(约56Hz)的整数倍;除谐频振动引起的噪声峰值外,齿轮噪声频谱还在720Hz、2 040Hz、3 650Hz、4 410Hz频率处存在非常显著的峰值,其主要来源于显著的齿轮模态振动;2 200~3 000Hz频率范围内齿轨噪声较显著,其可能原因是该频率范围内齿轨存在较密集的振动模态。Based on the mechanism of vibration radiation noise generated by stiffness excitation from gear teeth,COMSOL Multiphysics was used to establish a simplified prediction model of gear tooth meshing vibration and noise of rack railway vehicle.The prediction analysis of time-varying stiffness of gear-rack meshing,gear-rack meshing contact force,gear-rack meshing vibration radiation noise was carried out,and the formation mechanism and characteristics of gear-rack meshing vibration radiation noise of rack railway vehicles were revealed.The research results show that the number of pairs of teeth engaged at the same time in the process of gear-rack meshing changes periodically with time,which forms the stiffness excitation of gear-rack meshing.Therefore,the frequency spectrum of contact force of gear-rack meshing and the noise spectrum of gear and rack show obvious harmonic frequency vibration characteristics,and the harmonic frequency is an integral multiple of the meshing frequency of a single gear tooth(about 56Hz).In addition to the noise peak caused by harmonic vibration,there are also very significant peaks in the gear noise spectrum at frequencies 720Hz,2040Hz,3650Hz,and 4410Hz,which mainly come from the significant gear modal vibration.The rack noise is more significant in the frequency range of 2200~3000Hz,which is possibly due to the presence of dense vibration modes in the rack within this frequency range.

关 键 词：轨道交通 轮齿啮合噪声 刚度激励 齿轨列车 时变啮合刚度 

分 类 号：U234[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]