溴代阻燃剂六溴环十二烷的环境污染与毒性及人体暴露研究进展  

A REVIEW ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION,TOXICITY AND HUMAN EXPOSURE OF HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE,A BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANT

作　　者：张中杰[1,2] 冯晋荣 ZHANG Zhongjie;FENG Jinrong(School of Water and Environment,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecology in Arid Areas,Ministry of Education,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学水利与环境学院,西安710054 [2]长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,西安710054

出　　处：《环境工程》2024年第7期70-80,共11页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22278039)。

摘　　要：六溴环十二烷(hexabromocyclododecanes,HBCD)是一种溴含量很高的脂环族添加型阻燃剂,曾被广泛应用于生产聚苯乙烯类保温材料、纺织品和电气及电子设备等。由于HBCD与产品没有化学结合,在生产、使用和处置过程中会不可避免地从产品中释放出来,HBCD已被证明对生物的肝脏、甲状腺和神经等产生毒性作用,在生物体内积累会对人体造成严重危害。近年来,在日常用品、大气、水、土壤和各种生物体内甚至母乳中都检测到了HBCD的存在,对人类和环境具有潜在的长期危害。食品、空气和灰尘是人体摄入HBCD的主要途径,无论何处接触途径,学步儿童的接触率均高于成年人,且HBCD的职业暴露对职业人员的健康影响更为严重。综述了HBCD在环境介质和生物体内的分布及测定方法,总结了其对生物体的毒性作用,并探讨了HBCD的人体暴露途径及风险评估,提出关于HBCD的未来研究应更多地关注职业人群的暴露途径与风险,探索HBCD对人体作用的潜在机制。Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD)is an alicyclic additive flame retardant with high bromine content.It has been widely used in the production of polystyrene building insulation materials,textiles,electrical and electronic equipment.Because HBCD is not chemically bound to the products,it will be inevitably released from the product during production,use and disposal.HBCD has been proven to have toxic effects on the liver,thyroid and nerves of organisms,and its accumulation in organisms can cause serious harm to the human body.In recent years,the presence of HBCD has been detected in daily necessities,atmosphere,water,soil and various organisms,even in breast milk,which has potential long-term harm to humans and the environment.Food,air and dust are the main pathways for the human body to ingest HBCD.Regardless of the route of exposure,the exposure rate of toddlers is higher than that of adults,and occupational exposure to HBCD has a more serious impact on occupational personnel health.This article reviews the distribution and determination methods of HBCD in environmental media and organisms,summarizes its toxic effects on organisms,and discusses the human exposure pathways and risk assessment of HBCD.This paper also proposes that future research on HBCD should pay more attention to the exposure pathways and risks of occupational groups,and explore the potential mechanism of HBCD on the human body.

关 键 词：六溴环十二烷 环境污染 毒性效应 人体暴露 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X503.1