近十年哪些人在生二孩:来自全国六城市2506个家庭的调查结果  

Who Has Been Having a Second Child in the Past Decade:Results from 2506 Families in Six Cities Nationwide

作　　者：风笑天 FENG Xiao-tian(School of Politics and Public Administration,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,Guangxi,541001)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学政治与公共管理学院,广西桂林541001

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第4期5-16,共12页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：2021年国家社会科学基金项目“后独生子女时代的独生子女问题研究”(21BSH009)。

摘　　要：提升我国人口出生率的关键在于增加二孩生育,而了解已生育二孩的育龄人群的社会特征,对于提升二孩生育配套支持政策的针对性和有效性具有重要意义。全国六城市2506个家庭的抽样调查结果显示,“单独二孩”政策实施10年来,城市生育二孩的夫妇具有下列社会特征:3/4的二孩母亲生育二孩的年龄在28-37岁,且35岁以上的高龄母亲占30%,与一孩母亲相比,二孩母亲的生育年龄相对分散和扩大;二孩夫妇中属于“双非”的比例接近70%,“双非”父母是生育二孩的主要力量;二孩夫妇的文化程度略低于一孩夫妇;二孩母亲从事“白领”职业的比例低于一孩母亲,而从事“蓝领”职业以及个体户、家务劳动、无业的比例则高于一孩母亲;每十对二孩夫妇中就有两对是农村进城的夫妇,两对是城乡通婚的夫妇,六对是城市夫妇;二孩夫妇的经济条件与一孩夫妇不存在明显差别,这意味着在经济条件之外,还存在对二孩生育影响更大的因素;二孩夫妇所生育的一孩中,性别比显著低于一孩夫妇所生育的一孩,这揭示出有一部分人的确是因为第一孩是女孩的缘故而选择生育二孩;80%以上的二孩夫妇所生二孩与一孩之间的年龄间隔为2-9岁,其中50%以上为2-5岁。对近十年来城市二孩生育现实的揭示,有助于更好地分析和解释育龄人群的不同社会特征与二孩生育意愿和生育结果之间的关系。The key to increase the birth rate in China is to increase the number of second child fertility,and understanding the social characteristics of the child-bearing age groups who have given birth to a second child is of great significance to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the supporting policies for two-child births.The sample survey results of 2506 married people with children in six cities in China show that,couples who have given birth to a second child have the following characteristics in the 10 years since the implementation of the“selective two-child”policy:three-quarters of the two-child mothers have their second child at the age of 28-37,at the same time,mothers over 35 years old account for 30%,compared with mothers of one child,the birthing age of mothers of two children is relatively dispersed and expanded;the proportion of parents who are both non-only children is nearly 70%,and this type of parents is the main force in having a second child;the educational level of parents with two children is slightly lower than that of parents with one child;the proportion of the two-child mothers engaged in“white-collar”occupations is lower than that of one-child mothers,while the proportion in“blue-collar”jobs,individually-owned business,housework and unemployed is higher than that of one-child mothers;in every ten parents with two children,two are rural couples,two are urban and rural intermarried couples,and six are urban couples;there is no obvious difference between the two-child parents and one-child parents in economic conditions,which means that in addition to economic conditions,there are other factors that have a greater impact on the birth of a second child;the sex ratio of the first child born by the parents of two children is significantly lower than that of the child born by the parents of one child,which reveals that some people choose to have a second child because the first child is a girl;more than 80%of couples with two children have an age interval of 2-9 years between t

关 键 词：二孩生育 生育政策 生育事实 育龄人口 生育调查 

分 类 号：C924.21[社会学—人口学]