从简约治理到行政主导:农村生活治理演进、问题与出路  

From Simple Governance to Administrative Leadership:Evolution,Problems and Solutions of Rural Life Governance

作　　者：刘锐[1] LIU Rui(School of Public Management/Research Center for Social Development&Social Risk Control,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610065)

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院、社会发展与社会风险控制研究中心,四川成都610065

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第4期86-96,共11页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：成都市社会科学规划重点项目“‘治理+发展’实现‘美好生活’的成都经验”(2021BS103);四川大学“从0到1”创新研究项目“乡村振兴背景下东部发达地区县域治理能力现代化研究”(2023CX28);四川省哲学社会科学重点研究基地“社会发展与社会风险控制研究中心”项目“农村风险防范与技术治理研究”(SR22A16)。

摘　　要：近年来,长期存在的生活事务简约治理传统快速转向科层治理形态。简约治理模式是基于生产公共性和关系连带性,运用人情面子和村社规范实施的嵌入治理和非正式治理。随着生产活动去农化、村社价值规范解体、基层治理能力弱化,生活事务逐步脱嵌生产实践,简约治理的现实绩效不彰。同时,国家为满足群众美好生活向往,全面向农村供给公共产品和生活服务,基层组织要有效执行政策任务,就要构建行政主导治理模式,细化政策目标、加强检查验收、强化激励考核。当前生活治理的问题是,泛政治化的强激励硬考核引发执行过程的目标替代,既容易形成村民的等靠要观念,又容易带来治理的形式主义。因此,立足生活事务的属性层次,聚焦生活事务的治理结构,县域组织应有自主治理空间,既需在“集体选择”层次制定合理的考核制度,又要在“操作层次”供给契合的社会规范。总括而言,行政引导、赋能和激活基层组织,是农村生活治理持续有效的出路。In recent years,the long-standing tradition of simple governance of life affairs has rapidly turned to bureaucratic governance.The model of simple governance is embedded governance and informal governance based on the publicness of production and the solidarity of relations,the use of favor and face,and the implementation of village community norms.With the de-agriculturalization of production activities,the disintegration of village community value norms,and the weakening of grassroots governance capacity,life affairs are gradually removed from production practice,and the actual performance of simple governance is not obvious.At the same time,to meet the people’s yearning for a better life and comprehensively provide public goods and life services to rural areas,grass-roots organizations must build an administration-led governance model to effectively implement policy tasks,refine policy objectives,strengthen inspection and acceptance,and strengthen incentive assessment.At present,the problem of life governance is that the strong incentive and hard examination of the general politicization leads to the replacement of the goal in the implementation process,which not only fosters the villagers’notion of“wait,depend and ask for”,but also brings the problem of formalistic governance.Based on the attribute level of life affairs,the governance structure of life affairs is gathered,and it is found that county organizations should have independent governance space,not only at the“collective selection”level to formulate a reasonable assessment system,but also at the“operation level”to provide suitable social norms.To sum up,administrative guidance,empowerment and activation of grass-roots organizations is a sustainable and effective way out of life governance.

关 键 词：农村生活 事务治理 治理变迁 简约治理 行政主导 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学]