近代长江中游地区民船运输的发展与转型  

The Development and Transformation of Civilian Ship Transportation in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River in Modern Times

作　　者：吴琦[1] 占路[1,2] WU Qi;ZHAN Lu(College of History and Culture,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei,430079;College of History and Culture,Hubei Normal University,Huangshi,Hubei,435002)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]湖北师范大学历史文化学院,湖北黄石435002

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第4期134-148,共15页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“清代漕运对区域社会环境影响的实证研究”(14AZS012)。

摘　　要：明清以降,依托纵横的水网和民船运输,长江中游地区的商品流通日趋活跃。近代,汉口、沙市开埠通商,促使这一区域的贸易和交通运输地位不断提高。在此背景下,轮船、铁路等新式运输方式相继开通,然而传统民船运输并未退出历史舞台,反而呈现延续与趋新的发展态势。一方面表现在民船的来源更加广泛,船型也显著增加,数量庞大的划船、南船、川船以及陕豫赣等地民船广泛分布于长江中游各港口商埠。另一方面,为适应大宗商品运输的需要,民船运输业灵活应变,积极寻找新的合作方式和业务来源,其经营方式呈现多样化;为应对运输过程中的流弊,当地官方与民间行业组织协同作用,以政府政策为导向,不断强化民船运输的监督与管理,促使其逐步走向规范化,实现近代民船运输业的初步转型。但在此过程中长久以来形成的传统行业习惯仍在延续。长江中游地区民船运输业在近代的持续发展是多方面因素促成的,主要受到近代贸易格局和商路变迁的影响。同时,区域工业化的发展,对棉花、煤炭等原料和燃料的需求大增,民船凭借其在大宗货物上的运输优势及灵活多样的经营方式,在近代运输业中占据重要地位。Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties,relying on the vertical and horizontal water network and civilian ship transportation,commodity circulation in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River has become increasingly active.In modern times,the opening of Hankou and Shashi for trade promoted the continuous improvement of the trade and transportation status of this region.Against this background,new modes of transportation such as ships and railways were opened one after another.However,traditional civilian ship transportation has not withdrawn from the stage of history,but has shown a trend of continuation and innovation.However,the sources of civilian ships are more diverse,ship types have increased significantly,and there are a large number of rowing ships,Southern ships,Sichuan ships,and civilian ships from Shaanxi,Henan,and Jiangxi.Distributed in various ports and commercial ports in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.on the other hand,in order to adapt to the needs of bulk commodity transportation,civilian ship transportation has been flexible and actively looking for new business modes and business sources,and its operating methods have become diversified.In order to deal with abuses in the transportation process,local officials and private industry organizations work together,guided by government policies,to continuously strengthen the supervision and management of civilian ship transportation,promote its gradual standardization,and achieve the initial transformation of the modern civilian ship transportation industry.In this process,traditional industry habits formed over a long period of time are still continuing.The sustainable development of the civilian ship transportation industry in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in modern times has been mainly affected by the changes in modern trade patterns and trade routes.At the same time,the development of regional industrialization has greatly increased the demand for raw materials and fuels such as cotton and coal.Civilian ships have relied on their abil

关 键 词：近代 长江中游地区 民船运输 转型 商路变迁 区域工业化 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]