垄作栽培提升黄花菜产量及改善根际土壤环境  

Ridge cultivation enhances daylily yield and improves the rhizosphere soil environment

作　　者：阚以琴 刘玉兰 李名莉 邢国明[1] 马涛[2] 孙胜[1] Kan Yiqin;Liu Yulan;Li Mingli;Xing Guoming;Ma Tao;Sun Sheng(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,J inzhong 030801,China;High Latitude Crops Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Datong 037006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西晋中030801 [2]山西农业大学高寒区作物研究所,山西大同037006

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期71-81,共11页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题(2021YFD1600301-4)。

摘　　要：[目的]本研究旨在提高黄花菜的产量,探索适宜大同地区黄花菜的有效栽培模式。[方法]于2022-2023年,以‘大同黄花’为试验材料,采用垄作、平作和沟栽3种栽培方式,通过测定分析黄花菜根际土壤理化属性、根系活力与生物量等指标,探究栽培方式对黄花菜产量的影响。[结果](1)垄作能显著降低0~20 cm土层土壤容重和土壤含水量,提高0~20 cm土层土壤孔隙度。垄作下0~10、10~20 cm土层土壤容重较平作分别降低4.88%和3.37%,土壤含水量分别显著降低17.03%和19.04%,土壤孔隙度分别提高8.28%和7.33%,而沟栽下0~10 cm土层土壤含水量较平作显著提高11.46%;(2)垄作提高0~20 cm土层土壤温度,尤其是表层0~5 cm温度变化幅度最大。(3)垄作提高0~30 cm土层土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性,其中0~10 cm土层酶活性最高。(4)在黄花菜展叶期、初花期和盛花期,垄作下的土壤碱解氮含量分别显著提高81.12%、111.42%、40.64%。(5)垄作提高根系活力,在黄花菜抽薹期较平作显著提高21.36%,随着生育进程的推进,根系干物质逐渐增加,在盛花期垄作较平作提高27.63%。(6)在产量方面,垄作较平作显著提高28.89%。[结论]垄作可提高土壤温度、孔隙度、土壤酶活性及土壤养分含量,为黄花菜创造良好的生态环境,利于根系生长,实现黄花菜高产,因此垄作是适合大同地区黄花菜的高效栽培模式。[Objective]In order to increase the yield of daylily,the current study aimed to explore effective cultivation methods suitable for the Datong region.[Methods]From 2022-2023,Datong daylily was used as experimental material,and three cultivation methods,including ridge planting,flat planting,and furrow planting,were adopted.The impact of different planting patterns on daylily yield were investigated by measuring and analyzing the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil,root activity,and biomass of daylily.[Results]The results showed that:(1)Ridge planting significantly reduced soil bulk density and soil moisture content in the 0~20 cm soil layer,while increasing soil porosity.Compared to flat cultivation,soil bulk density in the 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm layers decreased by 4.88%and 3.37%,respectively.Soil moisture content decreased by 17.03%and 19.04%,respectively,while soil porosity increased by 8.28%and 7.33%,respectively.In furrow planting,soil moisture content in the 0~10 cm soil layer increased by 11.46%compared to flat planting.(2)Ridge planting increased soil temperature in the 0~20 cm soil layer,with the greatest temperature variation observed in the 0~5 cm surface layer.(3)Ridge planting increased soil sucrase and urease activity in the 0~30 cm soil layer,with the highest enzyme activity observed in the 0~10 cm soil layer.(4)During the leaf expansion,initial flowering,and full flowering stages of daylily,soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content under ridge planting increased by 81.12%,111.42%,and 40.64%,respectively.(5)Ridge planting increased root activity by 21.36%during the bolting stage compared to flat planting.As the growth process progressed,root dry matter gradually increased,with ridge planting showing a 27.63%increase compared to flat planting during the full blooming stage.(6)The yield of ridge planting was significantly increased by 28.89%compared to flat planting.[Conclusion]Ridge planting improved soil temperature,soil porosity,soil enzyme activity,and soil nutrient content,creating a favor

关 键 词：黄花菜 栽培方式 产量 根际环境 根系发育 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]