微波辐照对小米印度谷螟卵灭除效果及品质影响的研究  

Effects of microwave irradiation on Plodia interpunctella eggs in millet and its impact on millet quality

作　　者：段智英[1] 刘憬璇 韩小平[3] 王福贵[1] Duan Zhiying;Liu Jingxuan;Han Xiaoping;Wang Fugui(College of Arts and Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China;School of International Education,Henan University of Technology,Zhenzhou 450001,China;College of Engineering,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学基础部,山西晋中030801 [2]河南工业大学国际教育学院,河南郑州450001 [3]山西农业大学农业工程学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期130-140,共11页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省应用基础研究项目(201601D011071);山西农业大学科技创新基金(2017ZZ02)。

摘　　要：[目的]印度谷螟(Plodia interpunctella)在小米中繁殖能力很强,对小米的破坏性很大,主要使用的化学药剂熏蒸防治方法易引起环境污染、药剂残留、印度谷螟的抗药性增强等一系列的问题。微波技术可用于防治粮食虫害且绿色环保。本研究旨在获得微波辐照对小米印度谷螟卵灭除效果及品质影响的研究。[方法]采用微波160、320、480、640和800 W的功率和5、10、15、20、25和30 s的时间辐照小米,通过测量小米0、3、5、8、10 cm深度的印度谷螟卵的存活率和小米温度,观测微波辐照在小米不同深度的灭卵效果和微波在小米中的传播规律。同时测量微波辐照后小米的黏滞特性、色度和含水率,观测微波辐照对小米品质的影响。[结果]相同功率和时间的微波辐照小米,深度越小处印度谷螟卵存活率越低,灭卵效果越好。160W30s和320W15s低强度微波直接辐照印度谷螟卵,卵的外部形态基本保持不变,无法灭卵;采用800W15s、640W20s、480W25s微波辐照能有效消灭小米0 cm(平铺)处卵;800W20s、640W25s、480W30s辐照能有效消灭小米3 cm深度处卵;800W30s高强度微波辐照后,小米5 cm深度卵的存活率为25%,8、10 cm深处卵的存活率仍相对较高,灭卵效果不佳。相同功率和时间的微波辐照小米,深度越大处小米内部温度越小,且小米内部温度随深度以指数规律衰减。640W30s微波辐照后小米峰值粘度和衰减值升高,480W25s、800W25s和800W30s微波辐照后小米的糊化温度升高;除800W30s高强度处理外,微波辐照对小米色度无明显影响;微波辐照后小米含水率降低,为小米储藏创造了更好的条件。640W30s微波辐照提升了小米的食用品质,而800W25s和800W30s高强度辐照降低小米品质。[结论]小米深度是影响微波辐照灭卵效果的重要因素,微波辐照灭卵小米深度不宜超过3 cm。采用640W30s微波辐照厚度3 cm内的小米,既能有效灭卵又能提升小�[Objective]Plodia interpunctella has a strong reproductive ability in millet and causes significant damage.The commonly used chemical fumigation control methods are prone to environmental pollution,pesticide residues,and increased resistance of Plodia interpunctella moths.Microwave technology can be used for grain pest control and is environmentally friendly.This study aimed to investigate the influence of microwave irradiation on the elimination of P.interpunctella eggs in millets and its impact on millet quality.[Methods]Millet was irradiated with microwaves at power levels of 160 W,320 W,480 W,640 W,800 W for 5,10,15,20,25,and 30 seconds.The survival rate of Plodia interpunctella eggs at depths of 0,3,5,8,and 10 cm and the temperature of millet were measured to observe the egg elimination effect and microwave transmission pattern at different depths of millet.The viscosity,color,and moisture content of millet were also measured after microwave irradiation to assess the impact of microwave irradiation on the quality of millet.[Results]With the same power and time of microwave irradiation,the shallower the depth,the lower the survival rate of eggs and the better the egg elimination effect.Low-intensity microwaves at 160 W 30 s and 320 W 15 s could not eliminate eggs as their external morphology remained unchanged.Microwaves at 800 W 15 s,640 W 20 s,and 480 W 25 s effectively eliminated eggs at 0 cm(surface)depth.Microwaves at 800 W 20 s,640 W 25 s,and 480 W 30 s effectively destroyed eggs at 3 cm depth.After high-intensity microwave irradiation at 800 W+30 s,the survival rate of eggs at 5 cm depth was 25%,and the survival rate at the depth of 8 cm and 10 cm remained relatively high,indicating poor egg eliminate effect.The internal temperature of millet decreases exponentially with depth under the same power and time of microwave irradiation.Microwave irradiation at 640 W 30 s increased the peak viscosity and breakdown value of millet,while irradiation at 480 W 25 s,800 W 25 s,and 800 W 30 s increased the gelatin

关 键 词：微波 印度谷螟卵 深度 灭卵效果 小米品质 

分 类 号：S307[农业科学—农艺学]