石油烃污染土壤阴燃反应特性及修复效果研究  

Study on Smoldering Reaction Characteristics and Remediation Effect of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil

作　　者：姬大伟 张生东 张烨 王进卿 徐旭 詹明秀 JI Dawei;ZHANG Shengdong;ZHANG Ye;WANG Jinqing;XU Xu;ZHAN Mingxiu(School of Metrology and Measurement Engineering,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou 310020,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Research,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学计量测试工程学院,浙江杭州310020 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第8期1789-1797,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(No.LY23E060002);浙江省教育厅科研项目(No.Y202249671)。

摘　　要：石油开采和运输过程中会产生大面积的石油污染场地,亟需修复。本研究以石油烃污染土壤为研究对象,采用自制的阴燃小试装置研究土壤热值、含水率和空气流量等因素对污染土壤阴燃反应特性及修复效果的影响,并探究了石油烃污染物在阴燃过程中降解路径。结果表明:石油烃污染土壤的阴燃反应温度区间为200~600℃,修复率普遍高于98.5%。当含水率增加5%时,阴燃峰面传播速率约减小46.3%,土壤含水率越高则阴燃峰面传播速率越小;当热值增加1.81 MJ/kg时,阴燃平均峰值温度会升高300℃。阴燃峰值温度随污染土壤热值的升高而增加;当空气流量为15~25 L/min时,阴燃峰面传播速率随空气流量的提高而增加。污染土壤阴燃过程中烯烃类物质的双键基团易被氧化断裂生成醛类物质,同时长链烷烃类物质的碳键易断裂生成中链烷烃类物质。研究显示,阴燃对石油烃污染土壤的修复效果显著,并且可以通过对影响因素的调控实现对阴燃过程的控制,相关结果将为有机污染土壤阴燃修复技术的工程化应用提供理论支撑。Large areas of oil pollution sites are generated during oil extraction and transportation,and urgently need to be remediated.Taking petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil as the research object,a self-made smoldering test device was used to study the effects of factors such as soil calorific value,moisture content,and air flow rate on the smoldering reaction characteristics and remediation effect of contaminated soil.The degradation process of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in the smoldering process was also explored.The results show that the smoldering reaction temperature range of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil is 200-600℃,and the remediation efficiency is generally higher than 98.5%.When the soil moisture content increases by 5%,the propagation rate of the smoldering front decreases by about 46.3%.The higher the soil moisture content,the slower the propagation rate of the smoldering front.When the calorific value increases by 1.81 MJ/kg,the average peak temperature of smoldering increases by 300℃,and the peak temperature of smoldering increases with the increase of the calorific value of the polluted soil.When the air flow rate is between 15-25 L/min,the propagation rate of the smoldering front increases with the increase of air flow rate.During the smoldering process of polluted soil,the double bond groups of olefins are easily oxidized and broken to form aldehydes,while the carbon bonds of long-chain alkanes are easily broken to form medium chain alkanes.The results show that smoldering has a significant effect on the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil,and the smoldering process can be controlled by adjusting the influencing factors.The research results will provide theoretical support for the engineering application of organic contaminated soil smoldering remediation technology.

关 键 词：石油烃污染土壤 阴燃反应特性 修复效果 影响因素 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]