消费约束下农业信贷和农业保险最优产品设计  

Optimal Product Design for Agricultural Credit and Agricultural Insurance Under Consumption Constraints

作　　者：张建[1] 吴瑾 王旭 Zhang Jian;Wu Jin;Wang Xu

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学理学院,天津300400

出　　处：《金融理论与实践》2024年第6期109-118,共10页Financial Theory and Practice

摘　　要：农村金融是农村经济发展重要的内生动力,农业保险和农业信贷作为农村金融的重要组成部分,在助农增收方面发挥着重要作用,两者的融合发展也成为增强农村金融服务能力的重要举措。基于多重均衡模型,引入最低消费约束,研究农业信贷、农业保险和农业“信贷+保险”三种方式对农户终身效用的影响,并通过调整贷款比例和保障水平为不同资本水平的个体设计最理想的农业“信贷+保险”产品。研究结果表明:第一,单一的信贷产品和单一的保险产品只能提升部分农户的终身期望效用;第二,固定保障水平和贷款比例的“信贷+保险”产品无法满足所有农户的实际需求,抑制了部分农户的终身效用;第三,最优的“信贷+保险”产品设计能使所有农户的终身期望效用得到提升,尤其对低资本农户提升效果显著,使其摆脱了低均衡状态,实现资本增长。通过优化农业“信贷+保险”产品设计,可以更有效地增强农户的风险抵御能力和自我发展动力,对于巩固脱贫攻坚成果、深化农村改革、实现乡村振兴具有一定的理论和现实意义。Rural finance serves as a crucial endogenous driver for rural economic development.Agricultural insurance and credit are essential components of rural finance and play significant roles in increasing farmers’income.The integrated development of these two has become an important initiative to enhance the service capacity of rural finance.This paper,based on a multi-equilibrium model and incorporating a minimum consumption constraint,investigates the impact of three financial approaches—agricultural credit,insurance,and“credit+insurance”-on the lifetime utility of farmers.It also aims to design the most ideal“credit+insurance”product for individuals with different capital levels by adjusting the loan ratio and coverage level.The research findings indicate that,firstly,standalone credit or insurance products can only enhance the lifetime utility of certain farmers.Secondly,“credit+insurance”products with fixed coverage levels and loan ratios fail to meet the actual needs of all farmers,inhibiting the lifetime utility of some.Thirdly,the optimal design of“credit+insurance”products can improve the lifetime utility of all farmers,especially for those with low capital,significantly lifting them out of a low equilibrium state and facilitating capital growth.By optimizing the design of agricultural“credit+insurance”products,we can more effectively enhance farmers’risk resistance and self-development capabilities.This is of significant theoretical and practical importance for consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation,deepening rural reforms,and realizing rural revitalization.

关 键 词：农业信贷+保险 多重均衡模型 终身效用 贷款比例 保障水平 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学]