明代淮徐地区兵备道建置考证  

Research on the Establishment of Military-Preparation Dao in Huaixu Area in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：朱凌海 孟艳霞 ZHU Linghai;MENG Yanxia(School of History and Culture,Bohai University,Jinzhou Liaoning 121000,China)

机构地区：[1]渤海大学历史文化学院,辽宁锦州121000

出　　处：《淮阴工学院学报》2024年第3期43-49,共7页Journal of Huaiyin Institute of Technology

摘　　要：兵备道是维持地方治安的重要政治制度。为应对灾荒后盗贼多发的局面,明廷于弘治十七年(1504)五月庚戌在淮徐地区首设徐州道,其初主要以节制地方卫所为主,后逐渐成为省下府上地方治理的主体机构。嘉靖末,因江北倭患日炽,明廷又设海防道专管淮扬沿海防务,扬州府逐渐脱离徐州道的管辖,淮安府则因地理形势被徐州、海防二道“兼辖”。隆庆时期,因河漕事,徐州道员治理重心转移至淮安、徐州境内一带运道,在地方形势变化和保漕的要求下,徐州道辖境与职能又进行了几次分化和调整,并逐渐趋向稳定。兵备道的分合调整,显示出其在淮安、徐州地区地方治理的重要性,并为清代淮安府、徐州府辖境的形成奠定了基础。Military-preparation Dao is an important political system for maintaining local security.In order to cope with the situation of frequent incidence of theft after the famine,the Ming Court set up the first Xuzhou Dao in Huaixu area in the May of the 17th year of Hongzhi,which mainly controlled the local garrison at the beginning,and gradually became the main organization of local governance.At the end of Jiajing Period,due to the invasion of Japanese pirates in the north of the Yangtz River,the Ming Court also set up Haiphong Dao to govern the coastal defense of Huaiyang area,Yangzhou Fu gradually separated from the governance of Xuzhou Dao,and Huaian Fu was“cocurrently governed”by Xuzhou Dao and Haiphong Dao due to the geographical situation.In Longqing period,the officers of Xuzhou Dao shifted their focus of governance to the shippment in Huaian and Xuzhou.Under the re⁃quirements of local situation and water supply protection,the governing region and function of Xuzhou Dao were differentiated and adjusted for several times,and gradually tended to be stable.The dividing and combining adjustment of the Military-preparation Dao shows its importance in the local governance of Huaian and Xuzhou,and lays a foundation for the formation of the governing region of Huaian and Xuzhou in the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：明代 淮徐 兵备道 建置 辖区 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]