论备案审查内容与标准的体系化  

On the Systematization of the Contents and Standards of Recording and Review

作　　者：林来梵[1,2] 赵逸伦 Lin Laifan;Zhao Yilun(Law School,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院 [2]清华大学国家治理研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2024年第8期51-62,157,共13页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：2023年度清华大学国家治理研究院课题“宪法全面实施背景下合宪性审查标准建构研究”的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：备案审查制度中的审查内容与审查标准应有不同侧重,前者重点统筹审查判断的开展范围和主要情形,包含了审查标准的运用,后者则更强调审查机关在落实各项审查内容时所采用的具体衡量尺度与方法,应对了审查内容的精细化。二者的内涵虽有明显差异,但又协同配合,共同构成审查判断的基础。《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于完善和加强备案审查制度的决定》的出台,对我国备案审查中的审查内容与标准的体系化意义重大。合宪性、政治性、合法性、适当性四大审查的逐步完备标志着审查内容体系的初步形成,而比例原则的引入则对审查标准的体系化具有重要支撑作用。面向未来,审查内容体系的完善应重点关注内部逻辑和层次结构的融贯与自洽;审查标准的体系化则应在探索比例原则的全阶适用、三层强度划分以及类型化指引下的个案衡量中得到发展。The contents and standards of review within the recording and review system emphasize different aspects.The contents concentrate on the scope and primary grounds for review,encompassing the application of review standards.Conversely,the standards highlight the specific measurement scales and methods employed by review authorities to implement various review items,thereby addressing the refinement of review contents.Despite their distinct connotations,these two components synergize to form the foundation of review judgments.The enactment of the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on Improving and Strengthening the System of Recording and Review holds significant implications for the systematization of review contents and standards in China.The progressive completion of constitutional,political,legal,and appropriateness reviews marks the initial formation of a comprehensive review contents system.Meanwhile,the introduction of the principle of proportionality offers crucial support for the systematization of review standards.Looking forward,the refinement of the review contents system should prioritize the integration and internal consistency of logic and hierarchical structure.The systematization of review standards should advance through the full application of the principle of proportionality,a three-tier intensity classification,and case-by-case reviews guided by typological principles.

关 键 词：备案审查 审查内容 审查标准 审查强度 比例原则 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]