无压圆形输水隧洞正常水深与临界水深的简便计算  

A simplified calculation method for normal and critical depths in non-pressure circular tunnel

作　　者：杨伟峰 杨洋 YANG Weifeng;YANG Yang(Weinan Huanghe Water Co.,Ltd.,Weinan 714000,China)

机构地区：[1]渭南市黄河水务有限责任公司,陕西渭南714000

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2024年第4期101-110,共10页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52179079、41877076);陕西省水利厅科技计划项目(2023slkj-5)。

摘　　要：正常水深与临界水深是输水隧洞设计计算、运行管理的重要水力参数,圆形断面作为水力最佳断面,其特征水位计算尤为重要。针对已有公式存在精度不高、适用范围较小的问题,从水流运动的基本方程出发,引入过水断面特征参数和无量纲水深,结合数学运算中的极限思维,构造了多个函数模型。采用改进后的粒子群算法替代传统的参数确定工作,从而得出圆形隧洞无压水流特征水深的简便计算公式。通过与以往几个典型公式进行对比发现,本文提出公式在计算精度上得到了显著提高,正常水深计算的最大相对误差被控制在0.067%以下,而临界水深的计算误差也不高于0.182%,同时二者均具有较广的计算适用范围。本研究为特征水深的计算提供了新思路,同时提出的计算公式精度高、适用范围广,在隧洞、管道等无压输水系统中具有广阔的应用前景。Water depth and critical water depth are crucial hydraulic factors in the study,design,and operation management of water conveyance tunnels.The computation of the characteristic water level for a circular hydraulic section is crucial in determining the ideal section for hydraulic purposes.To address the limitations of existing formulas in terms of accuracy and applicability,we have developed several functional models based on the fundamental equation of flow motion,using characteristic parameters of flow cross section,dimensionless depth,and the concept of limit thinking in mathematical operations.The enhanced particle swarm optimization(PSO)is employed in lieu of conventional parameter determination to ascertain a simplified formula for the calculation of characteristic water depth of non-pressure flow in a circular tunnel.Comparative analysis with typical formulas demonstrates that the proposed formula exhibits a notable enhancement in calculation accuracy.The maximum relative error in calculating normal water depth is below 0.067%,and the calculation error for critical water depth does not exceed 0.182%,indicating a broad spectrum of practical applications of the proposed formula.This study introduces a novel approach for determining the characteristic water depth,highlighting the high precision and broad applicability of the proposed formula in non-pressure water conveyance systems,such as tunnels and pipelines。

关 键 词：输水隧洞 圆形断面 正常水深 临界水深 PSO算法 计算公式 

分 类 号：TV131.4[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]