不同复配基质对红颊草莓植株生长和果实品质的影响  

Effect of different composite substrate on growth and fruit quality of strawberry cultivar Benihoppe

作　　者：狄华涛[1] 李金凤[1] 万春雁[1] 陈雪平[1] 霍恒志[1] 陈丙义[1] DI Huatao;LI Jinfeng;WAN Chunyan;CHEN Xueping;HUO Hengzhi;CHEN Bingyi(Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Hilly Area of Jiangsu Province,Jurong 212400,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所,江苏句容212400

出　　处：《浙江农业科学》2024年第8期1821-1825,共5页Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金(CX〔20〕2021);句容市农业科技支撑计划项目(NY202102)。

摘　　要：为探究4种不同复配基质对红颊草莓植株生长和果实品质的影响,文章根据草莓生长对基质特性的需求,利用菌菇渣、椰糠和醋糟等常用农业废弃物,与泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石混合复配基质,泥炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石=60∶20∶20(T1);椰糠∶泥炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=50∶40∶5∶5(T2);菌菇渣∶泥炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=40∶30∶15∶15(T3);醋糟∶泥炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=60∶20∶10∶10(T4),比较其对红颊草莓植株生长和果实品质的影响。结果表明,处理T1、T2和T3的植株形态无显著性差异,处理T4的叶长、叶宽和株高显著低于处理T1;在物候期方面,T3处理果实始熟期比其他3个处理早8~11 d;在果实产量和品质方面,处理T1单株产量和可溶性固形物含量最高,处理T2的平均单果重最高、总酸含量最低,处理T3果实硬度显著低于其他处理,但可溶性固形物含量和T1接近,显著高于T2和T4,处理T4硬度和总酸含量最高,但单株产量、单果重和可溶性固形物含量最低。因此,椰糠和菌菇渣可替代部分泥炭,尤其是复配基质T3在早熟化栽培方面有良好的应用前景。To investigate the effects of four different composite substrates on the plant growth and fruit quality of strawberry cultivar Benihoppe,this study utilized common agricultural wastes such as mushroom residue,coconut bran and vinegar lees to mix with peat,perlite and vermiculite in a composite substrate,according to the demand of substrate characteristics for strawberry plant growth,then compared their effects on the plant growth and fruit quality of strawberry cultivar Benihoppe.These substrates were peat∶perlite∶vermiculite=60∶20∶20(T1);coconut bran∶peat∶vermiculite∶perlite=50∶40∶5∶5(T2);mushroom residue∶peat∶vermiculite∶perlite=40∶30∶15∶15(T3);vinegar lees∶peat∶vermiculite∶perlite=60∶20∶10∶10(T4).The results showed that there was no significant difference in plant morphology among T1,T2,and T3 treatment,while the leaf length,leaf width,and plant height of T4 treatment were significantly lower than T1 treatment;In terms of phenology,the fruit ripening period of T3 treatment was earlier than the other three treatments for 8-11 days;In terms of fruit yield and quality,T1 treatment had the highest single plant yield and soluble solid content,while T2 treatment had the highest average single fruit weight and lowest total acid content.The fruit hardness of T3 treatment was significantly lower than other treatments,but its soluble solid content was similar to T1,and significantly higher than T2 and T4.T4 treatment had the highest hardness and total acid content,but had the lowest single plant yield,single fruit weight,and soluble solid content.Therefore,coconut bran and mushroom residue can replace some peat,especially the T3 composite substrate has good application prospects in precocious cultivation.

关 键 词：草莓 基质 植株形态 物候期 果实品质 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]