微生物复合肥替代常规化肥及其减量施用对水稻生长与土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of microbial compound fertilizer substitution of conventional chemical fertilizer and its reduced application on rice growth and soil fertility

作　　者：沈建国 郑冬明 楼玲 王京文 顾万帆 李阿根 SHEN Jianguo;ZHENG Dongming;LOU Ling;WANG Jingwen;GU Wanfan;LI Agen(Agroecology and Plant Protection Service Station of Yuhang District of Hangzhou City,Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang;Hangzhou Yuhang Deep Green Grain and Oil Professional Cooperative,Hangzhou 311121,Zhejiang;Hangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Hangzhou 310020,Zhejiang;Farmer Quality Education Service Station of Yuhang District of Hangzhou City,Hangzhou 311115,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]杭州市余杭区农业生态与植物保护服务站,浙江杭州310023 [2]杭州余杭深绿粮油专业合作社,浙江杭州311121 [3]杭州市农业技术推广中心,浙江杭州310020 [4]杭州市余杭区农民素质教育服务总站,浙江杭州311115

出　　处：《浙江农业科学》2024年第8期1867-1872,共6页Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：在化肥减量的前提下,以常规施肥为对照,探讨微生物复合肥在水稻上的施用效果。结果表明:在化肥总养分减少20.0%的前提下,施用微生物复合肥对水稻生长和产量基本无影响。在化肥总养分减少30.0%的前提下,虽对水稻植株生长有一定的影响,但对产量影响较小。施用微生物复合肥的晚稻单位产量化肥养分投入量较常规施肥下降,化肥减量效果明显,其中磷素减量效果最好。此外,施用微生物复合肥可改善土壤酸碱度,提升土壤脲酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶的活性,增加土壤速效养分含量,同时可减少土壤真菌数量。该研究认为,施用微生物复合肥后,水稻施肥成本虽有所上升,但能有效提高土壤质量、提高肥料利用率,建议将其作为水稻化肥减量的有效措施予以推广应用。Under the premise of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer,the application effect of microbial compound fertilizer on rice was investigated with conventional fertilization as the control.The results showed that under the premise of reducing the total nutrients of chemical fertilizer by 20.0%,the application of microbial compound fertilizer had no effect on the growth and yield of rice.Under the premise that the total nutrients of chemical fertilizer were reduced by 30.0%,although there was a certain impact on the growth of rice plants,the impact on yield was small.Compared with conventional fertilization,the amount of chemical fertilizer nutrient input per unit yield of late rice with microbial compound fertilizer was lower,and the effect of chemical fertilizer reduction was obvious,and the effect of phosphorus reduction was the best.In addition,the application of microbial compound fertilizer can improve soil pH value,increase the activity of soil urease,protease and phosphatase,increase soil available nutrient content,and reduce the number of soil fungi.This study concluded that though the cost of rice fertilization increased after the application of microbial compound fertilizer,it could effectively improve soil quality and fertilizer utilization efficiency,and it was suggested that it should be popularized and applied as an effective measure to reduce the amount of rice fertilizer.

关 键 词：微生物复合肥 水稻 化肥减量 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]