国内外井喷失控抢险技术现状与发展建议  

Current Situation and Development Suggestions of Uncontrolled Blowout Emergency Response Technologies at Home and Abroad

作　　者：谭宾 庞平 胡旭光 TAN Bin;PANG Ping;HU Xuguang(CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited,Chengdu,Sichuan 610000,China;CNPC Well Control Emergency Rescue Response Center,Guanghan,Sichuan 618300,China;Petroleum Engineering School,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油川庆钻探工程有限公司 [2]中国石油井控应急救援响应中心 [3]西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院

出　　处：《钻采工艺》2024年第4期1-7,共7页Drilling & Production Technology

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“陆上井控应急关键装备与配套技术研究”(编号:2021ZZ03)。

摘　　要：油气井井喷失控是石油天然气勘探开发中的灾难性事故,带来的财产损失、环境破坏和社会影响较为巨大,为将井喷失控所带来的损失或者影响降到最小,井喷失控抢险技术随之发展。文章阐述了国内外陆上油气井井喷失控抢险技术的发展现状,分析对比了各项技术的优势及差距,并指出国内陆上油气井井喷失控抢险技术经过近三十年的快速发展,在技术装备与实战能力方面已达到国际领先水平。针对油气勘探开发的趋势,建议当前井喷失控抢险技术接下来从高压高产油气喷射扩散与干扰冲击、失控井周边温度场分布、近井口可视化等方面进行技术突破,从高效水力喷砂切割装备、远距离火焰切割装备、小型化抢险机具等方面升级迭代抢险装备,以不断推动井喷失控抢险技术的发展,满足极端恶劣抢险工况下的抢险需求。Uncontrolled blowout is a catastrophic accident in international oil and gas exploration and development,which would bring large property loss,environmental damage and negative social impact.In order to minimize the loss or impact caused by the uncontrolled blowout,the emergency response technology has been developed.The development status of emergency response technologies at home and abroad is described,and the advantages and gaps of various technologies are analyzed.The results show that the domestic blowout control rescue technologies have developed rapidly in the past 30 years,and the technical equipment and operation ability have reached the international leading level.According to the trend of oil and gas exploration and development,it is believed that technological breakthroughs should be made from the aspects of high-pressure and high-yield oil and gas injection diffusion and interference impact,temperature field distribution around uncontrolled well,and visualization near wellhead,etc.,and high-efficiency hydraulic sandblasting cutting equipment,long-distance flame cutting equipment,and miniaturized emergency equipment should be upgraded,so as to continuously promote the development of emergency response technology for uncontrolled blowout and meet the needs of emergency response under extremely harsh conditions.

关 键 词：井喷失控 抢险技术 险情侦察 冷却掩护 切割清障 井口重置 可视化 小型化 

分 类 号：TE28[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]