液压支架大流量换向阀稳态液动力计算与补偿方法  

Calculation and Compensation Method of Steady State Flow Force for High Flow Directional Valve of Hydraulic Bracket

作　　者：李珂 陈吉顺 张品 赵文超 张占东 LI Ke;CHEN Jishun;ZHANG Pin;ZHAO Wenchao;ZHANG Zhandong(College of Coal Engineering,Shanxi Datong University,Datong,Shanxi 037003;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shanxi Datong University,Datong,Shanxi 037003)

机构地区：[1]山西大同大学煤炭工程学院,山西大同037003 [2]山西大同大学机电工程学院,山西大同037003

出　　处：《液压与气动》2024年第8期77-92,共16页Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划(自由探索类)(202103021224313,202303021211325);山西省研究生教育创新项目(2023SJ289);大同市科技计划项目(2022002,2022052);山西大同大学研究生教育创新项目(22CX38,23CX38)。

摘　　要：针对液压支架换向阀元件复杂结构形成不规则流道,传统一次动量定理不能精确求得阀芯所受液动力,以及因液动力过大或不稳定使换向阀动静态特性降低的问题,以支架换向阀主阀为研究对象,在分析其结构组成与工作原理基础上,提出一种全流域控制体积划分方式。运用多次动量定理,分别分析了每个控制体积内动量变化量,考虑阀芯上下游元件结构参数对阀芯液动力数值的影响,较为精确的推导出阀芯所受稳态液动力公式,并进行理论计算。通过分析公式,得出对阀内元件结构参数进行优化的方法来补偿稳态液动力并用CFD方法模拟了稳态液动力随阀芯开度变化规律。结果表明:结构参数优化后阀芯所受液动力峰值与变化幅度均较原结构低,将阀套内径结构优化后,液动力峰值与变化幅度较原结构降低了56.25%与48.12%;将回液阀芯顶杆直径优化后,液动力峰值与变化幅度较原结构降低了28.79%与32.71%;将回液阀芯端面倾角优化后,液动力峰值与变化幅度较原结构降低了31.87%与37.16%,有效缓解了支架换向阀阀芯所受稳态液动力使阀动静态性能降低的问题。In view of the complex structure of the hydraulic bracket directional valve components to form irregular flow paths,the traditional primary momentum theorem can not accurately find out the spool flow force,as well as due to the flow force is too large or unstable,the dynamic and static characteristics of the valve is reduced,with the bracket directional valve as the object,based on the analysis of its structural composition and principle of operation,a division of the whole basin control volume method is put forward.The momentum theorem is used to analyze the amount of momentum change in each control volume,and the influence of structural parameters of upstream and downstream components of the spool on the flow force is considered,so that the steady-state flow force formula of the spool is derived more accurately,and theoretical calculations are carried out.By analyzing the formula,the method of optimizing the structural parameters of the valve components to compensate the steady-state flow force is derived,and the change rule of steady-state flow force with the spool opening is simulated by CFD method.The results show that after the optimization of structural parameters,the peak and change amplitude of the flow force suffered by the spool are lower than the original structure of the flow force.After optimizing the inner diameter structure of the valve sleeve,the peak flow force and the amplitude of change were reduced by 56.25% and 48.12% respectively compared to the original structure.After optimizing the diameter of the top rod of the return spool,the peak value and variation amplitude of the flow force were reduced by 28.79% and 32.71% respectively compared to the original structure.After optimizing the inclination angle of the return spool end face,the peak value and variation amplitude of flow force were reduced by 31.87% and 37.16% respectively compared to the original structure,which effectively alleviates the problem of reduced dynamic and static performance of the valve due to the steady state flow forc

关 键 词：稳态液动力 动静态性能 控制体积 动量定理 结构参数优化 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]