基于时空大数据的县域公共服务设施配置评估与调控方法  

Method Research on the Allocation Evaluation and Optimization of County-level Public Service Facilities based on Spatiotemporal Big Data

作　　者：申明锐[1] 尹介琪 乔艺波 SHEN Mingrui;YIN Jieqi;QIAO Yibo

机构地区：[1]南京大学建筑与城市规划学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《城市发展研究》2024年第7期86-96,109,共12页Urban Development Studies

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“圈群空隙地区的县域城镇化:空间格局、动力机制与规划应对研究”(52278066);教育部春晖计划国际合作科研项目“面向高质量发展的居民电动出行与公共服务配置研究——基于中美县域的比较”(202200862);中国博士后科学基金会面上项目“中国县域城镇化的产业动力机制及其规划应对研究:基于‘关联度-复杂度’框架”(2023M741630)。

摘　　要：县域是促进城乡融合发展最为基础的空间单元,强化县域公共服务设施的精准供给能力是提升县域城镇化质量的关键抓手。研究构建了一套融合个体时空定位大数据和公共服务设施AOI数据的县域公共服务设施配置评估调控方法。该方法主要从需求和供给两个角度,以空间格网作为划分县域公共服务设施供需统计与分析的空间分析单元,以公共服务设施用地面积为媒介进行需求值与供给值的实际测算与评估,最后根据评估结果予以相应的设施规划配置调控建议。以江苏省句容市为县域实例,从镇街尺度以及空间分析单元尺度分析了句容市的公共服务设施供需匹配情况。结果表明,在镇街各类设施的供需匹配情况中,教育类设施、休闲类设施以及行政类设施能够基本实现全域覆盖,文化类设施和医疗健康类设施能够实现大部分区域覆盖,但表现出明显的空间分异特征,养老类设施是该县域的供给短板。基于空间分析单元颗粒,进一步提炼出片状分布、团簇状分布、环状分布这三类县域公共服务设施配置的空间特征,给予了针对性的设施配置结构调控建议。County is the most basic spatial unit to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas in China.The key step to improve the quality of county-level urbanization is to strengthen the supply capacity of county public service facilities precisely.A set of evaluation and regulation methods of county public service facility configuration is constracted,which integrates individual spatiotemporal positioning big data and public service facility AOI data.This method mainly takes the spatial grid as the analysis unit to divide the statistics of the county public service facilities,and uses the land area of public service facilities as the medium to carry out the actual calculation and evaluation of demand value and supply value.After that,corresponding facility planning and configuration regulation suggestions are given.Taking Jurong county-level city in Jiangsu province as an experimental case,this paper analyzes the supply and demand matching of public service facilities in Jurong from the macro scale of town and the micro scale of spatial analysis unit.The results show that,in the supply and demand matching of various facilities in towns and streets,education facilities,leisure facilities and administrative facilities can basically achieve full coverage.Cultural facilities and medical and health facilities can achieve most of the regional coverage,but they show obvious differentiation characteristics amongst towns,and elderly care facilities show buckets effect of the county's supply.At the meso scale,the paper further extracts the spatial characteristics of the allocation of public service facilities into three type,namely sheet distribution,cluster distribution and ring distribution,and gives targeted guidance and suggestionstoward optimization.

关 键 词：公共服务设施 县域城镇化 时空大数据 AOI数据 供需匹配 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]