沼肥对小麦产量、赤霉病以及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Marsh Fertilizer on Wheat Yield Scab and Soil Nutrients

作　　者：白磊 BAI Lei(Tanghe County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Nanyang,Henan 473400)

机构地区：[1]唐河县农业技术推广中心,河南南阳473400

出　　处：《辽宁农业科学》2024年第4期6-11,共6页Liaoning Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国管理科学研究院咨询部工程技术课题管理委员会项目(ZGYGC2534)。

摘　　要：以河南省南阳市唐河县小麦新品种对比试验基地为研究地,划分4块标准样地,分别做空白对照CK组(不施肥)、T1组(沼肥1200 kg/hm^(2))、T2组(沼肥1500 kg/hm^(2))、T3组(沼肥1800 kg/hm^(2))4个处理,研究不同沼肥施用量对小麦生长、抗病效果和样地土壤养分的影响。结果表明,(1)生育进程:T2小麦全生育周期短于T1、T3和CK(P<0.05),T1、T3<CK(P<0.05);(2)产量和经济性状:T2小麦穗长、100 m^(2)有效穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重和100 m^(2)总产量均高于T1、T3和CK(P<0.05),T1、T3、CK比较无差异(P>0.05);T2株高<T1、T3和CK(P<0.05);(3)赤霉病发生率:T3赤霉病发生率<T2<T1<CK,组间比较有差异(P<0.05);(4)土壤理化性质:T3土壤有机质含量>T2>T1>CK(P<0.05);T3土壤pH值<T2<T1<CK(P<0.05);土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾均表现为T3>T2>T1>CK(P<0.05)。施用沼肥有利于缩短小麦生育进程,提高小麦产量,预防疾病,改善土壤理化性质,试验条件下以1500 kg/hm^(2)沼肥施用量为最佳。The comparison test base of new wheat varieties in Tanghe County,Nanyang City,Henan Province,was divided into 4 standard plots,which were treated as blank control CK group(no fertilization),T1 group(marsh fertilizer 1200 kg/hm^(2)),T2 group(marsh fertilizer 1500 kg/hm^(2))and T3 group(marsh fertilizer 1800 kg/hm^(2)),respectively.The effects of different dosage of marsh fertilizer on wheat growth,disease resistance and soil nutrients in sample plots were studied.Results:(1)Growth process:the whole growth cycle of T2 wheat was shorter than that of T1,T3 and CK(P<0.05),T1 and T3<CK(P<0.05);(2)Yield and economic traits:spike length,effective spike number of 100m^(2),grain number per spike,1000~grain weight and total yield of 100m^(2) of T2 wheat were higher than those of T1,T3 and CK(P<0.05),and there was no difference between T1,T3 and CK(P>0.05).The plant height of T2 was lower than T1,T3 and CK(P<0.05).(3)Incidence of SCab:The incidence of T3 SCab was lower than T2<T1<CK,and there was a difference between groups(P<0.05);(4)Soil physical and chemical properties:T3 soil organic matter content>T2>T1>CK(P<0.05);T3 soil pH value<T2<T1<CK(P<0.05);Soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium showed T3>T2>T1>CK(P<0.05).Application of bog fertilizer is beneficial to shorten wheat growth process,increase wheat yield,prevent disease and improve soil physicochemical properties.The best application rate of bog fertilizer is 1500 kg/hm^(2).

关 键 词：沼肥 小麦 赤霉病 土壤理化性质 产量 

分 类 号：S512.106.2[农业科学—作物学]