结合STPA和DEMATEL-ISM的民机起落架收放系统风险研究  

Risk assessment of civil aircraft landing gear retraction and extension system integrating STPA and DEMATEL-ISM

作　　者：贾宝惠[1] 韩文瑞 肖海建 高源 陈怡凡 JIA Baohui;HAN Wenrui;XIAO Haijian;GAO Yuan;CHEN Yifan(School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;School of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学交通科学与工程学院,天津300300 [2]中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院,天津300300

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2024年第8期2885-2894,共10页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-中国民用航空局联合研究基金项目(U2033209);中国民航大学研究生科研创新项目(2022YJS108);中央高校-自然科学重点项目(3122023046)。

摘　　要：为从系统整体角度完成对起落架收放系统的风险辨识和影响分析,将系统理论过程分析(Systematic Theory Process Analysis,STPA)与决策实验室分析-解释结构模型(Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Interpretive Structural Modeling,DEMATEL-ISM)相结合来开展分析。首先,定义事故和系统级危险,以民机进近阶段放下起落架为例,运用STPA完成对风险因素的系统化辨识;其次,基于最大平均熵减(Maximum Mean De-entropy,MMDE)算法帮助DEMATEL-ISM模型确定阈值,完成对风险因素影响的重要性分析并识别可能引发系统级危险的风险传递路径,据此挖掘关键致因场景,以给出风险预防建议。结果显示:线路性能退化或失效、位置作动控制组件(Position Action Control Unit,PACU)核心处理器故障为关键原因因素,收放作动筒作动异常、机组成员操作不当、起落架指示灯显示异常、起落架液压选择阀作动异常、PACU信息接收有误为关键结果因素,这些因素均涉及多条可能引发系统级危险的风险传递路径,应予以重点控制。To comprehensively address risk identification and impact analysis of the landing gear retraction and extension system,considering it as a holistic entity,this study integrates System Theory Process Analysis(STPA)with the DEMATEL ISM model.This approach aims to identify potential risk factors and thoroughly analyze their impacts.The initial phase of this study involves qualitative identification of risk factors using STPA.Accidents and hazards at the system level are delineated,considering the functionality and operational stages of the landing gear retraction and extension system.For instance,focusing on the landing gear extension during the approach phase of civil aircraft,the study systematically identifies and organizes risk factors.Subsequently,the impacts of these identified factors are analyzed using an enhanced DEMATEL ISM model.The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL)method is employed to determine the causal and centrality degrees of each factor.Then a causal relationship diagram is constructed to conduct an important analysis of the impact of these risk factors.Utilizing the Maximum Mean De-entropy(MMDE)algorithm,the threshold is established to facilitate the transition to Interactive Structural Modeling(ISM)analysis.Through ISM,this study identifies potential risk transmission paths that could lead to system-level hazards,identifies pivotal causal scenarios,and offers recommendations for risk prevention.The findings highlight that circuit errors and failures of the PACU s core processor serve as key causal factors.Conversely,key resultant factors include abnormal operation of retractable actuators,improper actions by crew members,abnormal indications on landing gear indicator lights,abnormal operation of landing gear hydraulic selection valves,and erroneous information reception by the PACU.An analysis is conducted to validate the rationality of the identified key factors,considering the operational mechanism of the landing gear retraction and extension system.These factors are int

关 键 词：安全工程 起落架收放系统 系统理论过程分析(STPA) 决策实验室分析法(DEMATEL) 解释结构模型(ISM) 关键因素 风险传递路径 

分 类 号：X949[环境科学与工程—安全科学]