拧紧力矩作用下螺栓预紧力的高保真有限元仿真与实验验证  

HIGH⁃FIDELITY FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF BOLT PRELOAD FORCE UNDER TIGHTENING TORQUE

作　　者：钱进 陈果[2] 寸文渊 赵旭升 张旭 赵正大 QIAN Jin;CHEN Guo;CUN WenYuan;ZHAO XuSheng;ZHANG Xu;ZHAO ZhengDa(College of Civil Aviation,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China;College of General Aviation and Flight,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Liyang 213300,China;AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Industrial(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610092,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学民航学院,南京211106 [2]南京航空航天大学通用航空与飞行学院,溧阳213300 [3]航空工业成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司,成都610092

出　　处：《机械强度》2024年第4期809-815,共7页Journal of Mechanical Strength

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52272436);成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司项目资助。

摘　　要：针对实际螺栓结构,研究螺栓在拧紧力矩作用下的有限元仿真方法,得出了拧紧力矩和螺栓预紧力之间的定量关系。首先,建立了带三维斜螺纹的螺栓几何模型,并且使用Hypermesh软件进行带螺纹的有限元网格划分,并定义相应的力学接触状态;然后,利用Ansys Workbench软件对螺母下表面施加不同大小拧紧力矩来得到对应的轴向力的大小,从而得出拧紧力矩与螺栓拉力之间的函数关系;最后,设计了螺栓预紧力实验,并将实验、仿真结果以及理论公式计算结果三者进行对比验证。结果表明,与扭拉关系理论计算式相比,有限元仿真模型的计算结果与实验更为接近,能准确反映螺栓预紧过程。螺栓预紧高保真有限元模型为进一步精确分析螺栓拧紧时的力学机制提供了一种可行方法。The finite element simulation method of bolt torsion under the tightening torque process was carried out,a quantitative relation between the tightening torque and the bolt preload was established for an actual structure.Firstly,the geometric model of the bolt with three⁃dimensional oblique thread was built,and the finite element mesh with thread was divided by using Hypermesh software,and the corresponding mechanical contact pairs were redefined.Then,Ansys Workbench software was used to apply the different sizes of tightening torque to the lower surface of the nut to obtain the magnitude of the corresponding axial force,so that the functional relation between the tightening torque and the bolt tension could be obtained.Finally,a bolt preload test was designed and the experimental,emulational and theoretical results were compared to verify the method.The results show that the results of the finite element simulation model are closer to the experimental results compared to the theoretical calculation results.The high⁃fidelity finite element model of bolt preload in this paper provides an important method for further accurate analysis of the bolt mechanics mechanism.

关 键 词：拧紧力矩 螺栓预紧力 扭拉关系 高保真有限元仿真 螺栓预紧力实验 

分 类 号：TB121[理学—工程力学]