2018-2023年重庆市忠县外环境禽流感监测结果分析  

Surveillance results of avian influenza virus in external environment in Zhong County of Chongqing from 2018 to 2023

作　　者：谢金花 胡绪来 张宏 彭俊生 XIE Jinhua;HU Xulai;ZHANG Hong;PENG Junsheng(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Zhong County,Chongqing 404300,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市忠县疾病预防控制中心,重庆404300

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2024年第4期258-263,共6页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的分析2018—2023年在重庆市忠县采集的外环境禽流感监测资料,为评估忠县禽流感流行风险提供依据。方法2018—2023年间采集忠县2种场所(家禽规模养殖场(户)和城乡活禽市场)3种类型(粪便、笼具和案板表面)的擦拭样本,采用Real-time Quantitative PCR(实时荧光定量PCR技术)开展流感病毒核酸检测,对检测结果为A型的样本进一步进行H5、H7、H9等亚型检测。使用Excel 2013软件整理数据,采用SPSS 22.0软件开展统计分析,比较率的差异使用χ^(2)检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果2018—2023年共采集重庆市忠县外环境禽流感监测样本864份,其中甲型阳性样本506份,阳性率为58.56%。阳性率从2018年的77.78%下降到2023年的42.36%,下降趋势有统计学意义(χ_(趋势)^(2)=75.504,P<0.001)。H9亚型阳性率为46.53%,甲型(非H5、H7、H9)阳性率为10.42%,H5亚型阳性率为6.37%,H5+H9混合型阳性率为3.94%。2种监测场所中,家禽规模养殖场(户)样本12份,未检测出禽流感病毒;城乡活禽市场样本852份,阳性率为59.39%。3种类型的外环境样本,笼具表面擦拭样本阳性率最高(64.24%),其次是宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面的擦拭样本(59.03%)、粪便(52.43%),粪便、笼具、案板表面的甲型阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.309,P=0.016)。不同季度的样本均有禽流感病毒检测阳性,第4季度甲型阳性率最高(68.98%),但4个季度的甲型阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.894,P=0.089)。结论2018—2023年重庆市忠县外环境禽流感病毒阳性率呈下降趋势,但仍处于较高水平,主要以H9亚型为主,应加强对从业人员的健康教育和宣传,提高禽流感的知晓率和防控意识,降低人感染禽流感风险。Objective This study aims to analyze the surveillance results of avian influenza viruses in the external environment in Zhong County of Chongqing from 2018 to 2023,and to provide a basis for evaluating the risk of avian influenza outbreak in Zhong County.Methods Wipe samples were collected from two locations(large-scale poultry farms/households and urban and rural live poultry markets)and three types(feces,cages,tablet surfaces)in Zhong County from 2018 to 2023.RT-PCR was used to detect subtypes of influenza A virus(H5,H7,H9 subtype,etc.).Data were organized by using Excel 2013 and statistical analysis was conducted by using SPSS 22.0.Differences in classification data rates were analyzed by using theχ^(2) test with an test level ofα=0.05.Results A total of 864 avian influenza virus surveillance samples were collected from the external environment in Zhong County of Chongqing from 2018 to 2023,of which 506 were positive for type A,with a positive rate of 58.56%.The positive rate decreased from 77.78%in 2018 to 42.36%in 2023,showing a statistically significant downward trend(χ_(Trend)^(2) =75.504,P<0.001).The positivity rate of the H9 subtype was 46.53%,while the positive rates of non-H5/H7/H9 subtypes were 10.42%,the H5 subtype was 6.37%,and the H5+H9 mixed type was 3.94%.Among the two types of venues,12 samples from large-scale poultry farms(households)were collected,and no avian influenza A virus was detected;852 samples were collected from urban and rural live poultry markets,with a positive rate of 59.39%.Among the three types of external environmental samples,the surface wiping samples of cages had the highest positive rate(64.24%),followed by wiping samples from slaughtered or placed poultry chopping boards(59.03%)and feces(52.43%).There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of Type A among different sample types(χ^(2)=8.309,P=0.016).Samples from different quarters all tested positive for avian influenza virus,with the highest positive rate of Type A in the fourth quarter(68.98

关 键 词：禽流感病毒 外环境 监测 

分 类 号：R373.1[医药卫生—病原生物学]