网约车与轨道交通竞合行为判别与特征分析  

Determination and Characterization of Competing Behaviors Between Online Ride-hailing and Metro

作　　者：叶建红[1] 李秀芝 YE Jianhong;LI Xiuzhi(School of Urban Mobility Institute,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学城市交通研究院,上海201804

出　　处：《交通与运输》2024年第4期81-87,共7页Traffic & Transportation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于出行场景的共享交通与公共交通竞合关系测度及优化方法研究”(52172320);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“多模式交通竞合理论与分析方法研究”(22120210542);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“城市出行服务体系规划方法研究”(2023-4-ZD-01)。

摘　　要：网约车作为一种新型的共享交通出行方式,近年来因其便利的叫车方式,投放数量及用户规模大幅上升,也给公共交通带来了不容忽视的影响。为科学评判网约车与轨道交通的竞合行为,以上海市2 d滴滴出行订单为数据基础,改进竞合行为判定模型并对上海市轨道交通服务站点及出入口进行了坐标匹配,将网约车出行分为四类:时间补充型、空间补充型、替代型、接驳型。在此基础上对四类网约车出行的出行时间、距离、费用、拥堵路段比例及OD空间分布特征等进行对比分析。最后,针对替代型网约车出行,建立效用函数分别计算网约车与轨道交通的出行效用,以此判断轨道交通能否完成出行、网约车能否为出行者带来更高的效益。结果表明,近九成的网约车出行效用低于轨道交通。科学界定网约车与轨道交通竞合行为并评估其影响,是两者协调发展的前提。Ride-hailing as a new type of shared transportation travel mode,the number of placements and the scale of users have risen significantly in recent years due to its convenient booking methods.At the same time,it has brought non-negligible impacts on public transportation.To scientifically evaluate the competition and cooperation behaviors between ride-hailing and Metro,this study uses two days of DiDi travel orders in Shanghai as the data basis,improved the model for determining competition and cooperation behaviors,and conducts coordinate matching for the service stations and entrances/exits of Shanghai's Metro.Ride-hailing trips are classified into four categories:time-complementary,space-complementary,substite,and extended.On this basis,a comparative analysis of the travel time,distance,cost,congestion segment ratio,and OD spatial distribution characteristics of the four types of ride-hailing trips is conducted.Finally,targeting substite ride-hailing trips,a utility function is established to calculate the travel utility of ride-hailing and Metro,to determine whether ride-hailing can bring higher benefits to travelers for trips that can be completed by Metro.The results show that nearly ninety percent of ridehailing travel utilities are lower than Metro.Scientifically defining the competitive and complementary behaviors between ride-hailing and Metro and assessing their impacts is a prerequisite for their coordinated development.

关 键 词：竞合行为判别模型 网约车 轨道交通 出行效用 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]