广东省内陆江河鱼类多样性  

Fish diversity in inland rivers of Guangdong Province

作　　者：夏雨果[1] 陈蔚涛 李新辉[1] 朱书礼[1] 李捷[1,2] 李跃飞 XIA Yuguo;CHEN Weitao;LI Xinhui;ZHU Shuli;LI Jie;LI Yuefei(Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Guangzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of National Fisheries Resources and Environment/Experimental Station for Scientific Observation on Fishery Resources and Environment in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Pearl River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510380,China;Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Aquatic Invasive Alien Species,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510380,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所/农业农村部珠江中下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站/国家渔业资源环境广州观测实验站,广东广州510380 [2]农业农村部外来入侵水生生物防控重点实验室,广东广州510380

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2024年第4期34-45,共12页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所自主科技创新项目(2023CXYC5);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2023TD10)。

摘　　要：广东省地属热带和亚热带季风气候区,是我国鱼类资源丰富且社会经济最为活跃的地区之一,其鱼类生物多样性受到较大威胁。在近十几年调查的基础上,系统整理了广东省珠江水系、粤东水系和粤西水系14条河流(区域)的鱼类物种名录,并对其种类组成和分布进行了分析,利用聚类和排序方法探究了广东省内陆江河鱼类的空间分布格局。结果表明,广东省内陆江河共记录有鱼类351种,隶属于21目74科207属。其中,广东省特有鱼类13种,国家重点保护鱼类8种,河海洄游鱼类10种,淡水珍稀濒危鱼类28种,在珠江、粤东和粤西水系均有分布的广布种有52种。根据聚类和排序分析结果,可将14条河流(区域)分为5组:珠江水系和韩江鱼类种类较为相似分为一组;粤西水系和粤东的螺河、赤石河、黄江鱼类种类较为相似分为一组;粤东的黄冈河、榕江和练江各单独为一组。相似性分析结果显示,各组之间鱼类种类组成差异显著(r=0.937,p=0.001)。广东省江河鱼类中,2010年之后出现的种类有223种(含外来种群),约有39%的历史土著种类未出现,土著鱼类资源明显衰退。鱼类栖息地生境破坏、外来种群入侵等是鱼类多样性下降的主要威胁因素。未来需要加强保护区的建设和管理,防控外来种群的扩张,最重要的是从保护鱼类栖息地的角度进行水资源的开发与管理。Guangdong Province is in the tropical and subtropical monsoon climate zone,being one of the most socio-economically active regions in China,rich in fish resources,but its fish diversity is under severe threat.Based on the surveys in recent decades,we systematically compiled the fish species list of 14 rivers(regions)in Guangdong Province,including the Pearl River system,the Eastern Guangdong river system,and the Western Guangdong river system.Then we analyzed the species composition and distribution,and investigated the spatial distribution pattern of fishes in Guangdong Province by using the clustering and nonmetric muti-dimensional scaling methods.The results show that a total of 353 fish species were recorded in Guangdong Province,belonging to 204 genera in 21 orders and 72 families.Among them,there are 13 species of endemic fish,8 species of national key protected fish,7 species of migratory fish,28 species of freshwater rare and endangered fish,and 52 species of widespread fish distributed in the Pearl River system,the Eastern Guangdong river system,and the Western Guangdong river system.According to the results of clustering and ranking analysis,the 14 rivers(Regions)can be divided into five groups:the Pearl River system and the Hanjiang River were divided into one group with relatively similar fish species;the Western Guangdong river system and the Luhe River,the Chishi River and the Huangjiang River in Eastern Guangdong were divided into one group with relatively similar fish species;the Huanggang River,Rongjiang River and Lianjiang River in Eastern Guangdong were each divided into a separate group.The results of the similarity analysis show that the differences in the fish compositions among the groups were significant(r=0.937,p=0.001).Among the riverine fish species in Guangdong Province,223 species,including alien populations,appeared after 2010,but about 39%of the historical indigenous species did not appear,with an obvious decline in indigenous fish resources.Fish habitat destruction and invasion of

关 键 词：淡水鱼类 物种丰富度 生物多样性 相似性分析 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]