都匀“红鲤”的群体结构及其多样性  

Population structure and diversity of Duyun"Red Carp"

作　　者：张小洪 余科 安苗 欧平勇 王邦平 杨胜同 李丽 李茂年 覃克斯 ZHANG Xiaohong;YU Ke;AN Miao;OU Pingyong;WANG Bangping;YANG Shengtong;LI Li;LI Maonian;QIN Kesi(College of Animal Science,Guizhou University/Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region,Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction in Guizhou,Guiyang 550025,China;Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture Institute,Qiannan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guizhou Province,Duyun 558000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学动物科学学院/高原山地动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室/贵州省动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省黔南州农业科学研究院畜牧水产所,贵州都匀558000

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2024年第4期154-163,共10页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y027号);黔南州科技计划项目:黔南特色动植物种质资源保护及利用研究示范基地建设([2022]11号)。

摘　　要：贵州都匀“红鲤”是传统稻作农耕模式下的产物,其遗传多样性较为丰富,是品种选育的理想材料。为丰富贵州省稻田鲤的遗传背景资料,为稻田鲤种质资源的合理开发利用与保护提供理论依据,采用线粒体DNA Cyt b基因测序技术,探究了都匀“红鲤”及相邻地区的稻田鲤群体结构及其多样性。结果显示,253条Cyt b基因共检测到45个变异位点,界定了23个单倍型,都匀“红鲤”表现出9个单倍型,其中5个与对照的稻田鲤共享,个体数占其样本总数的76.19%。系统发育和神经网络结果表明,都匀“红鲤”是由远东鲤和华南鲤2个遗传差异小、分化等级高的亚种类群构成的混合群体,与国内鲤品种和对照稻田鲤之间有相同的母系来源。都匀“红鲤”中共享Hap22和4个独享单倍型的鱼归属远东鲤亚种,另外4个共享单倍型的鱼为华南鲤亚种。遗传多样性及分化分析显示,都匀“红鲤”2个亚种群体遗传变异程度低,均呈高单倍型多样性(Hd)和低核苷酸多样性(π)的特点;远东鲤亚种与对照稻田鲤间为中度分化,华南鲤亚种除了与锦屏间为高度分化外,与其余3个对照稻田鲤间的分化程度均较低,但因地理隔离及驯化过程中选择压力、创始人效应和遗传漂变,导致其遗传多样性下降,与对照群体产生遗传分化。研究表明,都匀及邻近地区稻田鲤群体间存在有限的遗传交流,群体内和群体间有不同的遗传结构。The"Red Carp"from Duyun,Guizhou Province is a product of the traditional rice farming model,with relatively rich genetic diversity,making it an ideal material for breed selection.To enrich the genetic background data of rice field carps in Guizhou Province and provide a theoretical basis for the rational development,utilization,and protection of rice field carp germplasm resources,we used mitochondrial DNA Cyt b gene sequencing technology to explore the population structure and diversity of the"Red Carp"from Duyun and adjacent areas.The results show that a total of 45 variable sites were detected in 253 Cyt b genes,defining 23 haplotypes.The'Red Carp'from Duyun exhibited 9 haplotypes,5 of which shared with the control rice field carp,accounting for 76.19%of the total sample size.Phylogenetic and neural network results indicate that the Duyun"Red Carp"is a hybrid population composed of two highly differentiated sub-species groups with minor genetic differences,namely Cyprinus carpio haematopterus Temminck and C.carpio rubrofuscus Lacépède.These sub-species shared the same maternal origin with domestic carp varieties and the control paddy field carp.For the Duyun"Red Carp",Hap22 was shared among individuals belonging to C.carpio haematopterus sub-species,while four unique haplotypes were exclusive to this sub-species,Additionally,four shared haplotypes were present in C.carpio rubrofuscus sub-species.Genetic diversity and differentiation analysis reveal that the two subspecies populations of Duyun"Red Carp"had a low level of genetic variation,both exhibiting characteristics such as high Hd and lowπ.The C.c.haematopterus subspecies was moderately differentiated from the control paddy field carp;while the sub-species of C.carpio rubrofuscus showed a high degree of differentiation from the Jinping Carp,but a relatively low level of differentiation from the other three control paddy field carp populations.However,due to geographical isolation and selective pressure during domestication,founder effects and genetic dr

关 键 词：红鲤 Cyt b基因 遗传多样性 遗传分化 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]