2020-2023年大连地区诺如病毒胃肠炎疫情分子流行特征分析  

Molecular Epidemiological Characteristics of Noroviruses in Outbreaks ofAcute Gastroenteritis in Dalian,China,2020–2023

作　　者：王越[1] 郎兴莹[1] 于蕾[1] 薄志坚[1] 栾明春[1] WANG Yue;LANG Xingying;YU Lei;BO Zhijian;LUAN Mingchun(Dalian Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Dalian 116021,China)

机构地区：[1]大连市疾病预防控制中心微生物检验科,大连116021

出　　处：《病毒学报》2024年第4期857-861,共5页Chinese Journal of Virology

基　　金：大连市科技创新基金:(项目号:2022JJ13SN082),题目:基于高通量测序的急性新发传染病病原体快速分析平台建立及应用研究。

摘　　要：本研究分析了2020-2023年大连市16起急性胃肠炎疫情中诺如病毒的基因型特征。收集2020-2023年大连市16起急性胃肠炎病例的粪便标本154份。采用实时荧光定量反转录PCR方法检测诺如病毒GⅠ/GⅡ分型,并对阳性样本进行RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶区和衣壳蛋白VP1区部分序列进行RT-PCR扩增和测序,通过诺如病毒在线分型工具和人类杯状病毒分型工具进行比对确定诺如病毒分型,利用MEGA软件构建系统进化树。结果显示全部154份样品中,检测诺如病毒阳性106份,其中诺如病毒GⅠ组检出率3.77%(4/106),GⅡ组检出率96.23%(102/106)。16起疫情中15起由GⅡ型引起,1起由GⅠ型引起,无GⅠGⅡ混合感染,疫情以GⅡ型为主。2020/2021流行季和2022/2023流行季的主要流行株是GⅡ.2[P16],并且该基因型在不同年份变异不大。2021/2022流行季存在多种型别共存,无优势流行株。2020-2023年大连市诺如病毒胃肠炎疫情主要发生在11月至次年4月,场所主要是幼儿园和中小学。We analyzed the genotype characteristics of noroviruses in 16 outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis(AG)in Dalian,China from 2020 to 2023.A total of 154 fecal specimens from patients with AG in Dalian,China from 2020 to 2023 were collected.Real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to detect norovirus GI/GII genogroups.Regions coding for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and capsid protein VP1 of noroviruses were amplified and sequenced by RT-PCR on positive samples.Norovirus typing was determined through the Norovirus Genotyping Tool and Human Calicivirus Typing Tool,and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA software.Among all 154 samples,106 were positive for noroviruses.The positive rate for the norovirus GI genogroup was 3.77%(4/106),whereas that of the GII genogroup was 96.23%(102/106).Fifteen of the 16 outbreaks were caused by the GII genogroup,one by the GI genogroup,and mixed infection of GIGII was not documented.Outbreaks were dominated by the GII genogroup.The main epidemic strain in 2020/2021 and 2022/2023 was GII.2[P16],and there was little variation of this genotype in different years.Multiple genotypes of noroviruses were coexisting in the 2021/2022 epidemic season,with no dominant epidemic strains.The AG outbreaks due to noroviruses in Dalian,China from 2020 to 2023 occurred primarily from November to April,mainly in kindergartens,primary schools and middle schools.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 基因分型 分子进化 

分 类 号：R373.2[医药卫生—病原生物学]