低速往复运转轴承故障的调制信号双谱切片总体平均特征提取  

Modulation Signal Bispectrum Slice Overall Average Feature Extraction of Low-speed Reciprocating Bearing Faults

作　　者：张浩[1] 胡雷 徐元栋 胡茑庆[3] Zhang Hao;Hu Lei;Xu Yuandong;Hu Niaoqing(College of Railway Transportation,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412000,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Maintenance for Mechanical Equipment,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China;Laboratory of Science and Technology on Integrated Logistics Support,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410072,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学轨道交通学院,湖南株洲412000 [2]湖南科技大学机械设备健康维护湖南省重点实验室,湖南湘潭411201 [3]国防科技大学装备综合保障技术重点实验室,湖南长沙410072

出　　处：《机械传动》2024年第8期169-176,共8页Journal of Mechanical Transmission

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF0608704);国家自然科学基金项目(51575518)。

摘　　要：风电机组的偏航轴承和变桨轴承、航天发射塔架的回转支承轴承、起重机和挖掘机的转盘轴承等,都具有低速往复运转的特点。低速往复运转轴承的故障诊断极具挑战:低速工况下损伤接触的冲击力小,损伤冲击信号弱;减速换向冲击信号对故障冲击信号的干扰大;覆盖多个往复运转行程的长信号不具有周期性,等等。为了解决上述问题,提出一种基于调制信号双谱(Modulation Signal Bispectrum,MSB)切片总体平均的低速往复运转轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用转速跟踪过零点对振动信号进行信号重采样处理,并依据编码器信号从重采样信号中分离出单个行程的短信号集合;然后,对每一个短信号进行MSB分析,生成MSB的载波切片谱,根据载波切片谱寻找最优载波频率及其对应的调制信号切片谱;最后,对短信号集合的MSB调制信号切片谱进行总体平均,生成切片谱总体平均特征。故障试验数据验证结果表明,MSB切片总体平均特征能够有效诊断低速往复运转轴承的故障。Yaw bearings and slewing bearings in wind turbine systems,rotating support bearings in aero⁃space launch towers,and slew bearings in cranes and excavators all exhibit characteristics of low-speed recipro⁃cating motion.Diagnosing faults in low-speed reciprocating motion bearings present significant challenges:the impact forces from damage contact are minimal at low speeds,resulting in weak damage impact signals.Further⁃more,the interference from deceleration and directional change impacts is substantial,and long signals covering multiple reciprocating cycles lack periodicity.To address these challenges,a method for diagnosing faults in low-speed reciprocating motion bearings is proposed.This method is based on modulation signal bispectrum(MSB)slice-wise overall averaging.The approach begins with signal resampling,which involves tracking zero-crossings in the rotational speed to resample vibration signals.Subsequently,it separates short signals from the resampled data based on encoder signals,forming a collection of short signals corresponding to individual recip⁃rocating cycles.Each short signal undergoes MSB analysis to generate the MSB bicoherence slice spectrum.The optimal carrier frequency and its associated modulation signal slice spectrum are determined from the bicoher⁃ence slice spectrum.Finally,an overall average of the MSB modulation signal slice spectra from the short signal collection results in the overall averaging feature.Validation of the method using fault test data demonstrates its effectiveness in diagnosing faults in low-speed reciprocating motion bearings.

关 键 词：故障诊断 调制信号双谱 短信号 低速往复运转轴承 变桨轴承 

分 类 号：TH133.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]