董事对第三人责任的教义学展开  

Doctrinal Expound of Directors’Liability Towards Third Parties

作　　者：刘斌[1] 梅龄丰 LIU Bin;MEI Lingfeng

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2024年第4期47-67,共21页Business and Economic Law Review

摘　　要：《公司法》第191条在一般条款层面规定了董事对第三人责任,在理论基础上与法人机关理论形成内在协调,其逻辑根基在于董事执行职务时存在故意或者重大过失造成他人损害的行为具有组织法和行为法上的复合可归责性,该责任无法因组织关系而免除。董事对第三人责任是具有复合属性的法定责任,须同时满足两个法域面向的构成要件。组织法层面包括主体要件、执行职务的行为要件、违反对公司信义义务以及故意或者重大过失的主观要件,主观要件的认识对象系执行职务;行为法层面包括侵害行为、损害结果以及相当因果关系要件,损害范围包括直接损害和间接损害。董事对第三人责任的责任形态应为补充责任,同时根据不同董事行为的具体过错程度及对损害的原因力大小确认其责任范围,以保证过责相称。Article 191 of the Company Law of 2023 stipulates the liability of directors to third parties at the general clause level,which forms an internal coordination with the theory of corporate organs on a theoretical basis.The logical basis of this is that the intentional or gross negligence of directors in the performance of their duties that causes harm to others has a composite liability in organizational law and behavioral law,and this liability cannot be exempted due to organizational relationships.Directors’liabilities towards third parties is a statutory responsibility with composite attributes,which needs to meet the constituent elements of two legal domains simultaneously.The organizational law level includes the subject element,the behavioral element of performing duties,the subjective element of violating fiduciary obligations to the company,and intentional or gross negligence.The object of understanding of the subjective element is the execution of duties.The behavioral law level includes infringement behavior,damage results,and equivalent causal relationships,and the scope of damage includes direct and indirect damage.The liability of directors towards third parties should be in the form of supplementary liability,and the scope of liability should be determined based on the specific degree of fault of different directors and the magnitude of the cause of damage,in order to ensure proportional liability.

关 键 词：董事 第三人 法定责任 信义义务 补充责任 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]