中国深海考古三部曲  

Chinese deep sea archaeology development trilogy

作　　者：宋建忠 SONG Jianzhong(National Centre for Archaeology,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]国家文物局考古研究中心,北京100013

出　　处：《科技导报》2024年第14期48-60,共13页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1521705)。

摘　　要：梳理了国外深海考古发展情况,介绍了中国深海考古的发展历程。从2018年4月西沙北礁海域深海考古调查,到2022年8月西沙海槽深海考古调查,再到2023年5月南海西北陆坡一号、二号沉船深海考古调查,中国深海考古经历了从零的突破,到沉船遗物集中发现,再到古代沉船重大发现的3个阶段。中国深海科学与技术在人文科学领域的应用使中国的深海考古迅速达到世界先进水平。提出3点建议:尽快完成南海西北陆坡一号、二号沉船考古调查与综合评估,为该沉船遗址后续的研究、保护、阐释和利用提供重要依据;根据初步形成的深海考古调查技术、方法与流程,未来有计划、有目标地对已发现水下文化遗存较多的礁盘周边海域和古代重要航线节点海域开展系统的区域调查;结合南海西北陆坡一号、二号沉船遗址,进一步开展中国深海考古专用技术与装备的研发。This paper initially reviews the development of deep-sea archaeology abroad and in China respectively.The deep-sea archaeological surveys in the waters of Bei Jiao(north reef)of Xisha islands in April 2018,in the Xisha trough in August 2022 and two shipwrecks in the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea in May 2023 represent the three development stages of China's deep-sea archaeology,which are a breakthrough from zero,the discovery of sunken relics,and then the major discovery of ancient shipwrecks.The application of China's deep-sea science and technology in the field of humanities has made China one of the best in the world in deep-sea archaeology rapidly.Three suggestions are put forward:first,to complete the archaeological investigation and comprehensive assessment of shipwrecks No.1 and No.2 on the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea as soon as possible.It will provide important basis for the subsequent research,protection,interpretation and utilization of the wreck sites;second,based on the preliminarily formed deep-sea archaeological investigation techniques,methods and processes,planned and targeted systematic regional investigations shall be conducted in the future in the waters around the reefs with abundant underwater cultural relics discovered and the ancient important shipping route nodes;third,reference to the No.1 and No.2 shipwreck sites on the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea,further research and development of special technologies and equipment for deep-sea archaeology should be carried out.

关 键 词：中国南海 深海考古 载人深潜 深海科技 

分 类 号：K854.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]