水下沉船的高精度三维地形探测技术——以老牛礁沉船为例  

High-precision 3D terrain detection technology of underwater shipwreck:A case study of Laoniu reef shipwreck

作　　者：刘伯然 许江 房旭东 胡毅 王立明 LIU Boran;XU Jiang;FANG Xudong;HU Yi;WANG Liming(Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,PRC,Xiamen 361005,China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Physical and Geological Processes,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第三海洋研究所,厦门361005 [2]福建省海洋物理与地质过程重点实验室,厦门361005

出　　处：《科技导报》2024年第14期91-98,共8页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1521702);自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费项目(海三科2016033)。

摘　　要：水下沉船是水下考古的重要组成部分。多波束声学遥测是实现水下沉船安全高效探测的有效手段。通过对老牛礁沉船开展的多方位角、不同参数的多波束声呐测量,获取了老牛礁沉船这一微小地形异常沉船遗址的地形和赋存情况。多波束探测显示老牛礁沉船遗址长约10.5 m、宽约3.6 m,沉船隔舱板5条,长度约1.8~3 m,高出海床仅约10~20 cm,与水下探摸结果相符。通过数据分析比对,给出实测中探头距离、船速、遮挡等因素对沉船分辨效果的影响。结合理论分析和海上调查实践经验,得出提高水下沉船探测精度的途径,具体为聚焦扫测开角,作业时减慢船速,设计多方位往复测线等。Underwater wrecks are an integral part of marine archaeology.Multi-beam acoustic telemetry is an effective means to achieve safe and efficient detection of underwater shipwrecks.Based on the multi-angle and multi-method topography survey of the Laoniu reef shipwreck,the topography and occurrence status of the small topographic anomalous shipwreck site were obtained,which was about 10.5 m long and 3.6 m wide,and the length of the shipwreck compartment plate was about 1.8~3 m,and it was only about 10~20 cm above the seabed,these are consistent with the results of diving exploration.Through data analysis and comparison,the impact of factors such as probe distance,ship speed,and occlusion on the resolution of underwater wrecks is given.Based on theoretical principles and practical maritime investigation work,the main ways to improve the accuracy of underwater shipwrecks detection are to focus on scanning angle,to slow down speed during operation,and to design multi-directional reciprocating survey lines etc.

关 键 词：水下沉船 老牛礁沉船 海洋考古 多波束测深 探测技术 

分 类 号：U676.61[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程] K878[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]