温度影响BAC去除饮用水中氨氮的生物学机理  

Biological Mechanism of Temperature Affecting the Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen from Drinking Water by Biological Activated Carbon

作　　者：牛佳 余爽 汤旸旸 黄怡婷 龚珑聪 王悦 陈泽昕 鲁雯琪 陈晓晨 NIU Jia;YU Shuang;TANG Yang-yang;HUANG Yi-ting;GONG Long-cong;WANG Yue;CHEN Ze-xin;LU Wen-qi;CHEN Xiao-chen(Fujian Engineering Research Center of Water Pollution Control and System Intelligence Technology,School of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction,Fujian University of Technology,Fuzhou 350118,China;Fuzhou Water Supply Co.Ltd.,Fuzhou 350001,China;College of Environment and Safety Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福建理工大学生态环境与城市建设学院福建省水污染阻控与系统智能技术工程研究中心,福建福州350118 [2]福州市自来水有限公司,福建福州350001 [3]福州大学环境与安全工程学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2024年第15期44-49,共6页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52000032);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2023J01933);福州市自来水有限公司合作项目(GY-H-23326);福建理工大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202110388081)。

摘　　要：针对低温时饮用水深度处理工艺生物活性炭(BAC)无法高效去除水中氨氮的问题,选用实际水厂运行中的BAC搭建滤柱连续培养反应器,通过室内控制实验,对比常温和低温下不同层BAC的氨氮去除效果及其硝化潜势,并运用分子生物学技术解析BAC上氨氧化古菌(AOA)和氨氧化细菌(AOB)的群落丰度和群落结构。结果表明,尽管低温时BAC各层去除氨氮的效率低于常温,但在一个反冲洗周期的后段仍能够达到常温时的氨氮去除效果,且其硝化潜势高于常温。低温下BAC上氨氧化微生物丰度高于常温,且AOA的数量变化最大(增加2个数量级)。针对功能基因amoA的T-RFLP分析发现,A-OTU2和A-OTU3以及B-OTU5分别为低温下主导的AOA和AOB。今后应更加关注低温下AOA及特定菌种在BAC上的定植及活性促进问题。Aiming at the issue that biological activated carbon(BAC)fails to effectively remove ammonia nitrogen in drinking water during advanced treatment at low temperature,the BAC in an actual operating waterworks was chosen to establish a filter for continuous cultivation.Through indoor control experiments,the ammonia nitrogen removal performance and nitrification potential of different layers of BAC at normal and low temperature were compared.The abundance and community composition of AOA and AOB communities on BAC were analyzed using molecular biology techniques.Although the removal efficiency of each BAC layer at low temperature was lower than that at normal temperature,the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen at normal temperature could still be attained in the latter part of a backwashing cycle,and the nitrification potential was higher than that at normal temperature.The abundance of ammonia⁃oxidizing microorganisms on BAC at low temperature was greater than that at normal temperature,and the abundance of AOA changed the most(increased by 2 orders of magnitude).The T⁃RFLP analysis of the functional gene amoA demonstrated that A⁃OTU2 and A⁃OTU3 were the dominant AOA,and B⁃OTU5 was the dominant AOB at low temperature.In the future,greater emphasis should be placed on the colonization and activity enhancement of AOA and specific strains on BAC at low temperature.

关 键 词：温度 氨氮 生物活性炭 氨氧化古菌 氨氧化细菌 群落结构 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程]