就近城镇化视角下西南地区劳动力流动格局及影响因素——以贵州六盘水市水城区为例  

Spatial differentiation and influencing factors of labor migration from the perspective of nearby urbanization in Southwest China:A case study of Shuicheng district,Liupanshui city,Guizhou province

作　　者：赵美风 冉赛飞 汪德根[2] ZHAO Meifeng;RAN Saifei;WANG Degen(School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;School of Architecture,Soochow University,Suzhou 215123,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学地理学部,天津300387 [2]苏州大学建筑学院,苏州215123

出　　处：《地理研究》2024年第8期2025-2046,共22页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21CRK005)。

摘　　要：坚持以人的城镇化为核心、推进就近城镇化模式,是西南地区协同推进新型城镇化和乡村振兴战略要求、巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、促进区域协调发展的现实路径选择。本文选取贵州六盘水市水城区为研究区域,以社区(村域)为基本单元,刻画水城区劳动力就近流动空间分异格局及其主导产业驱动力,探究水城区劳动力就近流动的关键影响因子及其空间异质性。结果表明:①水城区劳动力就近流动以水城城区为中心,呈现出中心层、近郊层、远郊层和拓展层的圈层分异格局。②水城区劳动力就近流入指数随着城镇等级增加,呈逐渐下降趋势;劳动力就近流出强度呈现中间高、四周低的圈层式分布格局。商贸服务业和工农兼业是劳动力就近流动的核心驱动力。③水城区劳动力就近流动的空间分异是迁入地拉力、迁出地推力以及中介障碍等多因素作用的结果。其中,就业机会多寡与家庭生命周期分别是是劳动力就近流入与就近流出的关键核心要素。④水城区劳动力就近流动的关键影响因素具有空间异质性。劳动力就近流入空间分异划分为非农就业机会-公共服务设施双重拉动区和城乡收入差距-交通通达性双重限制区两类影响区;劳动力就近流出空间分异划分为家庭生命周期与农业效益推动区、综合因素影响区、劳动力一般技能推动区三类影响区。本研究为新型城镇化背景下以县城为载体、以产业发展为核心动力,实现一亿人中西部地区人口就近城镇化,因地制宜制定城镇化高质量发展策略提供科学依据。Emphasizing human-centered urbanization and promoting the nearby urbanization model are practical pathways in Southwest China to collectively advance the strategies of new urbanization and rural revitalization.This approach solidifies and extends the achievements in poverty alleviation while fostering regional coordinated development.This study takes Shuicheng district in Liupanshui city,Guizhou province,as the research area,using communities(villages)as basic units to depict the spatial differentiation pattern of labor nearby migration.It investigates the dominant industry drivers and explores key influencing factors and their spatial heterogeneity in labor nearby migration.The research reveals that:(1)Labor nearby migration in Shuicheng district revolves around the central area of Shuicheng district,presenting a spatial differentiation pattern comprising four layers:central layer,suburb layer,exurb layer,and expanding layer.(2)The intensity of labor nearby inflow in Shuicheng district exhibits a gradually declining trend with the destination level increasing.And the intensity of labor nearby outflow demonstrates a concentric distribution pattern,characterized by higher intensity in the center and lower intensity in the periphery,primarily driven by commerce,trade,services,industry and agriculture pluralism.(3)The spatial differentiation of labor nearby migration in Shuicheng district results from the combined impacts of destination attraction,origin repulsion,and intermediary barriers.Specifically,employment opportunities play a crucial role in attracting incoming workers while household life cycles contribute significantly towards outward migration patterns.(4)The key influencing factors of labor nearby migration in Shuicheng district exhibit spatial heterogeneity.The spatial differentiation of labor nearby inflow is categorized into two areas driven by non-agricultural employment opportunities and public infrastructure,as well as areas constrained by urban-rural income disparities and public service.The spati

关 键 词：就近城镇化 劳动力流动 空间分异 影响因素 贵州 

分 类 号：F249.27[经济管理—劳动经济]