我国货运结构调整的理论认识和实践难点  

Theoretical Understanding and Practical Difficulties of Freight Structure Adjustment in China

作　　者：刘昭然 诸立超[3] LIU Zhaoran;ZHU Lichao(Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Institute of Comprehensive Transportation,Academy of Macroeconomic Research,Beijing 100038,China;School of Management,Zhejiang University of Finance&Economics,Hangzhou 310018,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学综合交通运输大数据行业重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国宏观经济研究院综合运输研究所,北京100038 [3]浙江财经大学管理学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《铁道货运》2024年第8期8-14,共7页Railway Freight Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(72288101);浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LQ21E080023);国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(22FJYB027);国家自然科学基金资助项目(72074141)。

摘　　要：为探寻货运结构调整理论原点,认识货运结构发展演变规律,探究梳理了货运结构调整的理论源头和发展规律,总结了我国货运结构调整面临的难题,进而提出货运结构调整的工作重点。研究认为,供需交易决定货运结构的形成、货运结构调整工作主线在供给侧;公路是货运占比最大运输方式、公路货运比重长期持续上升是难以改变的世界性规律,而以铁路、水路为主的多式联运优势主要在特定细分货运市场;我国货运结构调整面临公路货运结构比重偏高、多式联运发展相对滞后、运输组织方式尚不适应等难题,有关政策应重点平衡总体局部关系、把握主辅配合关系、善用推拉关系,以多式联运发展带动运输结构优化调整。To explore the theoretical origins of freight structure adjustment and understand the development and evolution patterns of freight structure,this paper analyzed the theoretical sources and development law of freight structure adjustment,summarized the challenges faced by freight structure adjustment in China,and proposed several key work in freight structure adjustment.The research finds that supply and demand transactions determine the formation of freight structure,and the main focus of freight structure adjustment work lies on the supply side.Road transportation has the highest proportion of freight transportation,and the long-term upward trend in the proportion of road freight is a global phenomenon that is difficult to change.Moreover,rail-based and water-based intermodal transportation has advantages in specific segments of the freight market.Freight structure adjustment in China faces challenges such as a high proportion of road freight,relatively lagging development of intermodal transportation,and insufficient adaptation to transportation organization methods.Relevant policies should focus on balancing overall and local relationships,coordinating primary and auxiliary relationships,and utilizing push-pull relationships,so as to promote transportation structure optimization and adjustment through the development of intermodal transportation.

关 键 词：货物运输 运输结构调整 发展规律 多式联运 货运政策 

分 类 号：U2-9[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]