灌水定额和周期对北疆制种棉花生长、产量及种子质量的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Quota and Cycle on Growth,Yield and Seed Quality of Seed Cotton in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：肖键 洪明[1] 于秋月 陆元春 张新乐 XIAO Jian;HONG Ming;YU Qiu-yue;LU Yuan-chun;ZHANG Xin-le(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention,Urumqi 830052,China;Soil and Water Improvement Experimental Field of Water Resources Department of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Changji 831100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院/新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅水土改良实验场,昌吉831100

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2023年第6期446-452,共7页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆水利科技专项资金项目(XSKJ-2023-18);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务项目(2022B02011-1);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01003-2)。

摘　　要：为探寻北疆膜下滴灌制种棉花最优的灌水定额和周期,于2023年4月到10月在新疆维吾尔自治区水利厅水土改良实验场开展大田试验,试验设置了3个灌水定额(80%ETc、100%ETc、120%ETc, ETc为棉花蒸发蒸腾量)和3个灌水周期(5、7、9 d),采用双因素全组合试验设计,共9个处理,研究不同灌水定额和灌水周期对制种棉花株高、茎粗、产量、水分利用效率和种子质量的影响。结果表明,120%ETc、5 d周期的处理适宜北疆膜下滴灌制种棉花株高、茎粗的生长,其产量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),而100%ETc, 5 d周期的处理则在水分利用效率和发芽率上显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。基于熵权-TOPSIS综合评价结果表明,灌水定额100%ETc与灌水周期5 d的组合为北疆地区制种棉花生产的最优灌溉组合,这一组合能有效促进棉花生长,提升棉花的产量和种子质量。In order to explore the optimal irrigation quota and cycle of seed cotton under mulched drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang,a field experiment was carried out in the Experimental Field of Water and Soil Improvement of the Water Conservancy Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from April to October in 2023.Three irrigation quotas(80%ETc,100%ETc,120%ETc,with ETc as the cotton evapotranspiration)and three irrigation cycles(5 days,7 days,9 days)were set up in the experiment.Then the effects of different irrigation quotas and irrigation cycles on plant height,stem diameter,yield,water use efficiency and seed quality of seed cotton were studied by two-factor full combination test design.There were 9 treatments in total.The results showed that the treatment of 120%ETc and 5-day cycle was suitable for the growth of plant height and stem diameter of cotton seed production under mulched drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang,and its yield was significantly higher than those of other treatments(P<0.05),while the treatment of 100%ETc and 5-day cycle was significantly higher than other treatments in water use efficiency and germination rate(P<0.05).Based on the entropy weight-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation results,the combination of irrigation quota of 100%ETc and irrigation cycle of 5 days is the optimal irrigation combination for seed cotton production in northern Xinjiang.This combination can effectively promote cotton growth and improve cotton yield and seed quality.

关 键 词：灌水定额 灌水周期 产量 种子质量 熵权-TOPSIS 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]