渭-库绿洲土壤养分变异特征及空间分布  

Characteristics of Soil Nutrient Variability andSpatial Distribution in Ugan-Kuqa Oasis

作　　者：王心愿 王新军[1] 蒋平安[1] 盛建东[1] 轩俊伟 马兴旺[2] 刘耘华[1] 吕金城 WANG Xin-yuan;WANG Xin-jun;JIANG Ping-an;SHENG Jian-dong;XUAN Jun-wei;MA Xing-wang;LIU Yun-hua;LV Jin-cheng(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,College of Resource and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院/新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆农业大学草业学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2023年第6期453-461,共9页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆第三次科考项目(2021xjkk0200)。

摘　　要：为探究渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲(简称渭-库绿洲)土壤养分水平及空间分布规律,根据2020年土地利用数据,利用ArcGIS渔网工具生成覆盖耕地的1 km网格,基于1 km网格单元进行空间聚类为布设样点的数据参考,以农用地(包括耕地、园地)为主,兼顾样点空间分布均匀性,采用3S技术在耕地、园地和荒地3类土地利用类型上布设344个土壤表层样点,平均间距为1 km,其中耕地194个、园地64个、荒地86个,采用经典统计学、克里金插值法从耕地与荒地(荒地开垦为耕地前后)和不同土地利用类型两个视角,对比分析碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾变异特征。结果表明,渭-库绿洲表层土壤碱解氮含量由北端向周边呈放射状递减分布,有效磷含量由中心向东西两侧呈放射状递减分布,速效钾含量由西北端向周边呈放射状递增分布。园地的碱解氮最高,荒地的速效钾最高、有效磷最低。荒地开垦为耕地后,土壤碱解氮含量轻微增加,有效磷含量显著增加,速效钾含量显著降低。In order to investigate the soil nutrient levels and spatial distribution patterns in the Ugan-Kuqa River delta oasis(hereinafter referred to as Ugan-Kuqa Oasis),a study of the soil nutrient levels and spatial distribution patterns was carried out.Based on 2020 land utilization data,a 1 km grid covering cropland was generated using ArcGIS fishing net tool,spatial clustering was performed based on the 1 km grid cells,and 344 soil surface sites were deployed on three land use types,cropland,garden land and wasteland,with 194 cropland,64 garden land and 86 wasteland based on the leading of the agricultural land and taking into consideration of other land use types.Using classical statistics,Kriging interpolation and 3S technology,we compared and analyzed the variation characteristics of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and rapidly available potassium(AK)before and after the reclamation of arable land(arable land and wasteland),and from two perspectives of different land use types.The results showed that the AN content of the surface soil of the Ugan-Kuqa Oasis was radially decreasing from the north end to the periphery,the AP content was radially decreasing from the center to the east and west sides,and the AK content was radially increasing from the northwest end to the periphery.AN was the highest in garden land,while AK was the highest and AP was the lowest in wasteland.When the wasteland was reclaimed as arable land,the soil AN content increased slightly,the AP content increased significantly,and the AK content decreased significantly.

关 键 词：渭-库绿洲 土壤养分 3S技术 变异特征 空间分布 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]