科技人才国际流动中的性别差异研究  

A Study on Gender Differences in the International Mobility of Scientific and Technological Talents

作　　者：马林岭 张汝昊 韩芳 Ma Linling;Zhang Ruhao;Han Fang(School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;College of Sociology and History,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院,北京100190 [2]中国科学院文献情报中心,北京100190 [3]福建师范大学社会历史学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《科技创业月刊》2024年第8期46-56,共11页Journal of Entrepreneurship in Science & Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中外同学科期刊跨遴选体系联合排序方法研究”(19BTQ090)。

摘　　要：科技人才参与国际交流合作可以显著提高科技人才的研究能力与影响力,关注科技人才国际流动中的性别差异,可进一步完善女性科技人才的培养体系,促进科学研究中的性别公平。基于Scopus数据库1920-2020年论文数据,使用统计学方法,从全球层面、国家层面、学科层面分析了科技人才国际流动中的性别差异。结果发现:以跨国机构合作为基础的国际流动赋予了流动后的科技人才更良好、更易适应的成长环境;女性科技人才在流动行为模式的选择、流动路线的规划上与男性科技人才并无差异;全球科技人才的国际流动中确实存在显著的性别差异,女性科技人才国际流动比例较男性科技人才低;女性科技人才在其职业生涯后期出国交流的可能性较男性科技人才低。基于研究结论,提出推动科技政策的性别主流化进程,建立女性科技人才专门委员会,制定女性科技人才工作家庭冲突干预对策等建议,以激励女性科技人才在学术界发挥更大作用。The participation of scientific and technological talents in international exchange and cooperation can significantly improve their research capabilities and influence.By paying attention to gender differences in the international flow of scientific and technological talents,it can further improve the cultivation of female scientific and technological talents and promote gender equity in scientific research.Based on the data of papers published in the Scopus database from 1920 to 2020,statistical methods were used to analyze gender differences in the international flow of scientific and technological talents at the global,national,and disciplinary levels.The results showed that international mobility based on cross-border institutional cooperation provided a better and more adaptable growth environment for mobile technology talents;There is no difference between female technology talents and male technology talents in the selection of mobility behavior patterns and the planning of mobility routes;There are indeed significant gender differences in the international flow of global technology talents,with a lower proportion of female technology talents moving internationally than male technology talents;The likelihood of female technology talents going abroad for exchange is lower than that of male technology talents in the later stages of their career.Based on research findings,policy recommendations are proposed to promote the gender mainstream process of science and technology policies,promote the construction of specialized committees for female science and technology talents,and develop intervention strategies for work family conflicts among female science and technology talents,in order to encourage female science and technology talents to play a greater role in the academic community.

关 键 词：女性科技人才 人才国际流动 学术年龄 性别差异 

分 类 号：G316[文化科学]